This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies-from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing…
Public and Non-Profit Management
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Organizational theory emphasizes how new organizational forms are produced by technological innovation but has glossed over the role of cultural innovation. This chapter suggests that social movements are important sources of cultural innovation and…
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Although early neo-institutional studies did not explicitly tackle the issue of agency, more recent studies about institutional entrepreneurship have brought it to the forefront. Institutional entrepreneur-ship has been presented as a promising way…
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This article offers an overview and assessment of the utility of new social movement theories for analyzing contemporary forms of collective action. The article begins with a brief overview of the origins of new social movement theory and a…
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It is commonly asserted that the field of strategic management is fragmented and lacks a coherent identity. This skepticism, however, is paradoxically at odds with the great success that strategic management has enjoyed. How might one explain this…
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The ability to design complex organizations to meet challenges such as globalization, outsourcing, and capability development has become ever more important. Yet the field of organization theory has for long neglected the fine-grained study of…
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Institutional theory has risen to prominence as a popular and powerful explanation for both individ- ual and organizational action. It is a vibrant theory that has heen synthesized and contrasted with a number of other approaches. Although its scope…
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Organized anarchies are organizations characterized by problematic preferences, unclear technology, and fluid participation. Recent studies of universities, a familiar form of organized anarchy, suggest that such organizations can be viewed for some…
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Bundling is pervasive in today's markets. However, the bundling literature contains inconsistencies in the use of terms and ambiguity about basic principles underlying the phenomenon. The literature also lacks an encompassing classification of the…
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The recent proliferation of scholarship on collective action frames and framing processes in relation to social movements indicates that framing processes have come to be regarded, alongside resource mobilization and political opportunity processes,…
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This article presents the main results of a longitudinal case study of a strategic change process in a cooperative bank. Pursuing both a social mission and an explicitly economic rationale, this particular nonprofit organization provides an…
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A number of contingency factors may be relevant for effective nonprofit organizations and their boards. Although all boards must fulfill certain critical roles and responsibilities, strategic choices can be made about adopting different governance…
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An approach, called map analysis, for extracting, analyzing and combining representations of individual's mental models as cognitive maps is presented. This textual analysis technique allows the researcher to extract cognitive maps, locate…
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Neo-institutionalism is not a un ified current of thought. On the contrary, at least three different methods of analysis emerged in this area in the last 25 years: historical institutionalism, rational choice institution- alism, and sociological…
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The article analyzes bureaucracy as a special case of the general theory of purposive organization. Based on recent research related to the issue, three hypotheses have been introduced, namely, every organization creates an informal structure; in…
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Partly a memoir, this article traces the history of an article (Zald & Berger, 1978) the author published in the American Journal of Sociology on social movements in organizations. The article originated in events observed while a graduate student…
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This paper integrates elements from the theory of agency, the theory of property rights and the theory of finance to develop a theory of the ownership structure of the firm. We define the concept of agency costs, show its relationship to the…
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In a qualitative study of the emerging field of HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada, we found that institutional entrepreneurship involved three sets of critical activities: (1) the occupation of "subject positions" that have wide legitimacy and…
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