Benefit from spatial separation of multiple talkers in bilateral hearing-aid users: Effects of hearing loss, age, and cognition

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Abstract

To study the spatial hearing abilities of bilateral hearing-aid users in multi-talker situations, 20 subjects received fittings configured to preserve acoustic cues salient for spatial hearing. Following acclimatization, speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured for three competing talkers that were either co-located or spatially separated along the front-back or left-right dimension. In addition, the subjects' working memory and attentional abilities were measured. Left-right SRTs varied over more than 14 dB, while front-back SRTs varied over more than 8 dB. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between left-right SRTs, age, and low-frequency hearing loss, and also between front-back SRTs, age, and high-frequency aided thresholds. Concerning cognitive effects, left-right performance was most strongly related to attentional abilities, while front-back performance showed a relation to working memory abilities. Altogether, these results suggest that, due to raised hearing thresholds and aging, hearing-aid users have reduced access to interaural and monaural spatial cues as well as a diminished ability to 'enhance' a target signal by means of top-down processing. These deficits, in turn, lead to impaired functioning in complex listening environments. Sumario Para estudiar las habilidades auditivas espaciales de usuarios de audfonos bilaterales en situaciones de hablantes mltiples, 20 sujetos recibieron auxiliares configurados para preservar las ms destacadas claves acsticas de la audicin espacial. Despus de un perodo de adaptacin, se midieron los umbrales de recepcin del habla (SRTs) con tres hablantes en competencia que fueron colocados cerca o espacialmente separados en las dimensiones frente-atrs o izquierda-derecha. Adems, se midieron las habilidades de memoria activa y atencin. Los SRTs izquierda-derecha variaron ms de 14 dB mientras que los SRTs frente-atrs, variaron ms de 8 dB. Ms an, se observaron correlaciones significativas entre SRTs frente-atrs, edad y prdida auditiva en las frecuencias graves y tambin entre SRTs frente-atrs, edad y umbrales con auxiliares auditivos en las frecuencias agudas. En relacin con los efectos cognitivos, el rendimiento izquierda-derecha se relacion ms firmemente con habilidades de atencin, mientras que el rendimiento frente-atrs, mostr relacin con habilidades de memoria activa. En general, estos resultados sugieren que, debido a la elevacin de los umbrales auditivos y el envejecimiento, los usuarios de auxiliares auditivos tienen un acceso reducido a las claves espaciales interaurales y monoaurales as como una habilidad disminuida para "mejorar" una seal blanco por medio del procesamiento arriba-abajo. Estos dficits, a su vez, conducen a un funcionamiento disminuido en ambientes de escucha complejos.

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Neher, T., Behrens, T., Carlile, S., Jin, C., Kragelund, L., Petersen, A. S., & Schaik, A. V. (2009). Benefit from spatial separation of multiple talkers in bilateral hearing-aid users: Effects of hearing loss, age, and cognition. International Journal of Audiology, 48(11), 758–774. https://doi.org/10.3109/14992020903079332

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