Diversity and Biogeography of Soil Bacterial Communities

Abstract

Soil microbial communities are essential for crucial soil activities such as litter decomposition, nitrogen cycling, and plant productivity, which are necessary for human health. The scientific knowledge of microbial biogeography is woefully lacking when it appears to soil bacteria, despite the widespread expectation that soil bacterial communities directly impact many ecosystem processes. Researchers are becoming increasingly interested in the global distribution of soil microbes and the influence of environmental change at the regional level. This is because of the high microbial diversity that soils contain and their important role in biogeochemical cycling. As a result, we now know that the bacterial diversity of soil is high, and the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities change with various biological and non-biological stresses. The full range of microbial diversity can now be analyzed using ribosomal DNA. Such research could also shed light on the environmental factors influencing microbial community change. These more accurate models could anticipate the temporal-spatial dynamics of soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions in changing contexts, which could help with soil biodiversity conservation and ecological function presentation in the face of future climate change. Such knowledge could aid humans in coping with future environmental changes and increase our ability to predict microbial communities accurately and their function in a changing world. We propose the following difficulties and research opportunities for future microbial biogeographic investigations.