Effect of polymorphisms in selected genes involved in pituitary-testicular function on reproductive hormones and phenotype in aging men

Abstract

Context: Polymorphisms in genes involved in regulation, biosynthesis, metabolism, and actions of testicular sex hormones may influence hormone balance and phenotype of aging men. Objective: We investigated the relationships between polymorphisms in genes related to pituitarytesticular endocrine function and health status. Design and Setting: Using cross-sectional baseline data, we conducted a multinational prospective cohort observational study consisting of a population survey of community-dwelling men. Participants:Atotal of 2748 men, aged 40-79 (mean ± SD, 60.2 ± 11.2) yr, were randomly recruited from eight European centers. Forty-three polymorphisms were genotyped in the following genes: androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor-α and -β (ESR1 and ESR2), steroid 5α-reductase type II (SRD5A2), 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), aromatase (CYP19A1), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), LH β-subunit (LHB), and LH receptor (LHCGR). Main Outcome Measures: We measured the associations between gene polymorphisms and endocrine, metabolic, and phenotypic parameters related to aging and sex hormone action. Results: Several polymorphisms in SHBG, ESR2,AR, CYP19A1, and LHB were significantly associated with circulating levels of SHBG, LH, total, free, and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol, the LH x testosterone product,andindices of insulin sensitivity. Apart from several previously reported associations between genes affecting estrogen levels and heel ultrasound parameters, no associations existed between polymorphisms and nonhormonal variables (anthropometry, blood lipids, blood pressure, hemoglobin, prostate symptoms, prostate-specific antigen, sexual dysfunction, cognition). Conclusion: In aging men, polymorphisms in genes related to the pituitary-testicular endocrine function significantly influence circulating LH, testosterone, and estradiol levels, but the down-stream effects may be too small to influence secondary phenotypic parameters. Copyright © 2010 by The Endocrine Society.