Indigenous-inclusive citizenship: The city and social housing in Canada, New Zealand, and Australia

Abstract

Indigenous peoples in Canada, New Zealand, and Australia are highly urbanised. In spite of this, urban Indigenous communities have a difficult time giving effect to self-determining autonomy in comparison with their rural, remote, and reserve counterpart communities. The place of authentic Indigeneity in the public perception has remained outside of urban areas. All three countries have had social housing initiatives that aim to even out life-chances among citizens. How Indigeneity features in the housing sector varies from country to country. Through an examination of social housing developments from the 1930s to the present, we develop knowledge of how the place of authentic Indigeneity has changed over time and has been linked to the creation of Indigenous-inclusive citizenship in the city. While the Canadian experience continues to pair self-government with com- mon social housing goals, New Zealand never really linked self-government with common social citizenship in the housing sector; Australia did for a time, but it is regressing quickly. © 2009 Pion Ltd and its Licensors.