In a longitudinal study of school leavers, four occupational groups-satisfied employed, dissatisfied employed, unemployed, and tertiary students-were compared on a range of psychological measures. Initially, there were no group differences with respect to measures or demographic characteristics, making interpretation of later differences easier and suggesting a causal connection between employment status and psychological well-being. In longitudinal analyses, the satisfied employed and students showed higher self-esteem, less depressive affect, less externality, and less negative mood than the dissatisfied employed and unemployed. Similar cross-sectional differences were observed on social alienation, hopelessness, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Longitudinal differences were due to improvements by the satisfied employed and/or student groups, not to deterioration by the other groups.
CITATION STYLE
Winefield, A. H., Winefield, H. R., Tiggemann, M., & Goldney, R. D. (1991). A Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Unemployment and Unsatisfactory Employment on Young Adults. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(3), 424–431. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.424
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