Mechanism of the ATP-dependent DNA endresection machinery from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

If not properly processed and repaired, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can give rise to deleterious chromosome rearrangements, which could ultimately lead to the tumour phenotype1,2. DSB ends are resected in a 59 to 39 fashion in cells, to yield single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for the recruitment of factors critical for DNA damage checkpoint activation and repair by homologous recombination2. The resection process involves redundant pathways consisting of nucleases, DNA helicases and associated proteins3. Being guided by recent genetic studies4-6, we have reconstituted the first eukaryotic ATP-dependent DNA end-resection machinery comprising the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) complex, the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 complex, Dna2 protein and the heterotrimeric ssDNA-binding protein RPA. Here we show that DNA strand separation during end resection is mediated by the Sgs1 helicase function, in a manner that is enhanced by Top3- Rmi1 and MRX. In congruence with genetic observations6, although the Dna2 nuclease activity is critical for resection, the Mre11 nuclease activity is dispensable. By examining the top3 Y356F allele and its encoded protein, we provide evidence that the topoisomerase activity of Top3, although critical for the suppression of crossover recombination2,7, is not needed for resection either in cells or in the reconstituted system. Our results also unveil a multifaceted role ofRPA, in the sequestration of ssDNAgenerated by DNA unwinding, enhancement of 59 strand incision, and protection of the 39 strand. Our reconstituted system should serve as a useful model for delineating the mechanistic intricacy of the DNA break resection process in eukaryotes. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.