Annual biogenic emissions of ammonia from European seas and their transboundary flows are estimated. Atmospheric fluxes are calculated from monitored seawater ammonium (NH4+) levels via a compensation point approach in the acid deposition model of the MSC-W of EMEP. Mean monthly emissions exhibit a September peak of around 100 μg NH(x)-Nm-2d-1 across both the North and Baltic Seas. Total emissions approximate those of smaller countries, although seas export larger proportions than land areas. Contributions to NH(x)-N deposition approach 5% in coastal regions of Scotland. Although fluxes are small, seas may represent the 3rd and 4th largest source of imported NH(x)-N to the Republic of Ireland and the U.K., respectively. Uncertainty associated with the seawater data is between -40% and +80% of the best estimate.
CITATION STYLE
Barrett, K. (1998). Oceanic ammonia emissions in Europe and their transboundary fluxes. In Atmospheric Environment (Vol. 32, pp. 381–391). Elsevier Sci Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00279-3
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