Abstract
Here we provide the updated version of the guidelines of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) on the use of opioids for the treatment of cancer pain. The update was undertaken by the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative. Previous EAPC guidelines were reviewed and compared with other currently available guidelines, and consensus recommendations were created by formal international expert panel. The content of the guidelines was defined according to several topics, each of which was assigned to collaborators who developed systematic literature reviews with a common methodology. The recommendations were developed by a writing committee that combined the evidence derived from the systematic reviews with the panellists' evaluations in a co-authored process, and were endorsed by the EAPC Board of Directors. The guidelines are presented as a list of 16 evidence-based recommendations developed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Author supplied keywords
- *cancer pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
- *evidence based practice
- *opiate/ad [Drug Administration]
- *opiate/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
- *opiate/ct [Clinical Trial]
- *opiate/do [Drug Dose]
- *opiate/dt [Drug Therapy]
- *opiate/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
- *opiate/pa [Parenteral Drug Administration]
- *opiate/po [Oral Drug Administration]
- *opiate/sc [Subcutaneous Drug Administration]
- *opiate/sp [Intraspinal Drug Administration]
- *opiate/td [Transdermal Drug Administration]
- *practice guideline
- 17 methylnaltrexone/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
- 17 methylnaltrexone/dt [Drug Therapy]
- Senna
- United Kingdom
- abdominal cramp/si [Side Effect]
- adverse drug reaction/dt [Drug Therapy]
- analgesia
- analgesic activity
- anticonvulsive agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
- antidepressant agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
- anxiety
- ayurvedic drug/dt [Drug Therapy]
- buprenorphine/cm [Drug Comparison]
- buprenorphine/ct [Clinical Trial]
- buprenorphine/dt [Drug Therapy]
- buprenorphine/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
- buprenorphine/td [Transdermal Drug Administration]
- caffeine/ct [Clinical Trial]
- caffeine/dt [Drug Therapy]
- caffeine/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
- cardiovascular disease/si [Side Effect]
- central nervous system disease/si [Side Effect]
- codanthramer/dt [Drug Therapy]
- codeine/cb [Drug Combination]
- codeine/ct [Clinical Trial]
- codeine/dt [Drug Therapy]
- codeine/pd [Pharmacology]
- cognitive defect/si [Side Effect]
- combination chemotherapy
- consciousness level
- constipation/si [Side Effect]
- cost benefit analysis
- delirium/si [Side Effect]
- dexamphetamine/dt [Drug Therapy]
- dizziness/si [Side Effect]
- donepezil/dt [Drug Therapy]
- drowsiness/si [Side Effect]
- drug dosage form comparison
- drug dose comparison
- drug dose reduction
- drug dose titration
- drug efficacy
- drug half life
- drug megadose
- drug potency
- drug release
- drug safety
- drug substitution
- drug tolerability
- drug withdrawal
- fentanyl/bd [Buccal Drug Administration]
- fentanyl/cm [Drug Comparison]
- fentanyl/ct [Clinical Trial]
- fentanyl/dt [Drug Therapy]
- fentanyl/na [Intranasal Drug Administration]
- fentanyl/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
- fentanyl/po [Oral Drug Administration]
- fentanyl/td [Transdermal Drug Administration]
- flatulence/si [Side Effect]
- gabapentin/ct [Clinical Trial]
- gabapentin/dt [Drug Therapy]
- gastrointestinal disease/si [Side Effect]
- hallucination/si [Side Effect]
- human
- hydrocodone/cb [Drug Combination]
- hydrocodone/ct [Clinical Trial]
- hydromorphone/cm [Drug Comparison]
- hydromorphone/ct [Clinical Trial]
- hydromorphone/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
- hydromorphone/po [Oral Drug Administration]
- hyperalgesia/si [Side Effect]
- hyperexcitability reaction/si [Side Effect]
- kidney disease/si [Side Effect]
- kidney failure/si [Side Effect]
- lactulose/dt [Drug Therapy]
- laxative/dt [Drug Therapy]
- long term care
- low drug dose
- magnesium hydroxide/dt [Drug Therapy]
- methadone/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
- methadone/cm [Drug Comparison]
- methadone/pd [Pharmacology]
- methadone/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
- methadone/po [Oral Drug Administration]
- methylphenidate/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
- methylphenidate/ct [Clinical Trial]
- methylphenidate/dt [Drug Therapy]
- metoclopramide/ct [Clinical Trial]
- metoclopramide/dt [Drug Therapy]
- mishrakanesham/dt [Drug Therapy]
- monotherapy
- morphine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
- morphine/cm [Drug Comparison]
- morphine/ct [Clinical Trial]
- morphine/do [Drug Dose]
- morphine/dt [Drug Therapy]
- morphine/ei [Epidural Drug Administration]
- morphine/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
- morphine/pd [Pharmacology]
- morphine/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
- morphine/po [Oral Drug Administration]
- morphine/rc [Rectal Drug Administration]
- morphine/sc [Subcutaneous Drug Administration]
- myoclonus/si [Side Effect]
- naloxone/dt [Drug Therapy]
- naloxone/po [Oral Drug Administration]
- nausea and vomiting/si [Side Effect]
- neuropathic pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
- neurotoxicity/si [Side Effect]
- nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent/ae [Adverse Drug
- nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent/ct [Clinical Tri
- opioid induced emesis/dt [Drug Therapy]
- opioid induced sedation/dt [Drug Therapy]
- opioid related constipation/dt [Drug Therapy]
- oxycodone/cb [Drug Combination]
- oxycodone/cm [Drug Comparison]
- oxycodone/ct [Clinical Trial]
- oxycodone/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
- oxycodone/po [Oral Drug Administration]
- paracetamol/cb [Drug Combination]
- paracetamol/ct [Clinical Trial]
- paracetamol/pd [Pharmacology]
- placebo
- priority journal
- psychomotor disorder/si [Side Effect]
- review
- sedation
- side effect/si [Side Effect]
- sweating
- time to maximum plasma concentration
- tramadol/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
- tramadol/cb [Drug Combination]
- tramadol/cm [Drug Comparison]
- tramadol/ct [Clinical Trial]
- tramadol/dt [Drug Therapy]
- tramadol/pd [Pharmacology]
- treatment indication
- treatment response
- unclassified drug
- unindexed drug
- unspecified side effect/si [Side Effect]
- vomiting/si [Side Effect]
Cite
CITATION STYLE
A., C., G., H., S., K., M.I., B., C., B., N., C., … D., T. (2012). Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: Evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC. The Lancet Oncology. A. Caraceni, Palliative Care, Pain Therapy, and Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. E-mail: augusto.caraceni@istitutotumori.mi.it: Lancet Publishing Group (Elsevier, The Boulevard, Langford, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom). Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed10&NEWS=N&AN=2012069313
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