Planning and Designing Sustainable and Resilient Landscapes

Abstract

The complexity of the world outlook nowadays annihilates the pyramid of the classical outlook of articulating the subjects which consider physics domain as a basis, creating a real disciplinary subject “bing-bang”. The field of every sub- ject is getting more and more restricted, which makes today the dialogue among them more and more difficult, if not impossible. The need for bridges among vari- ous fields and subjects has materialized itself in the appearance at the end of the twentieth century, of the pluridisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity concepts, as a complex phenomenon, generator of innovation in the field of the urban landscape metabolism as well by fragmentation of subjects, recombining them, diffusion of concepts and resorting to methods from other fields of activity. At the beginning of the new millennium, however, the interdisciplinary approach was rediscovered and used as an answer to the unprecedented challenge launched by the world we live in a “manifesto” of what was among and beyond the subjects, in a new approach, in order to express the need to get over the frontiers among subjects, expressing the need for unity both within the urban field and the landscape one. The methodol- ogy of transdisciplinary research is determined by Levels of Reality, The Logic of Included Tertiary and Complexity, which are at the same time the three postulates of modern science, unchanged from Galileo to our day, in spite of the appearance of the infinite diversity of methods, theories or patterns that have covered the his- tory of various scientific fields of activity. Disciplinarity, pluridisciplinarity, inter- disciplinarity and transdisciplinarity are complementary, representing “the four arrows of the one and the same bow: that of knowledge”, making reference to the idea of scientific integration, to the “great book of nature”, in which every scien- tific subject or art is responsible for a segment of the whole.Transdisciplinarity is C.complementary to the disciplinary approach out of the confrontation among fields and subjects bringing about new results and new bridges among them, offering a new view on nature and reality.