The pyrolysis of four biomasses (corn stalk, rice husk, sorghum straw, and wheat straw) was studied at different temperaturetime functions in an inert gas flow by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Linear and stepwise heating programs were employed.…
Petroleum
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8,269 papers
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The pyrolysis behaviors of several agricultural residues have been investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis. The evolving rates of the gaseous products during the pyrolysis such asH2,CH4,H2O, CO and CO2 were also measured by the TG-MS…
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Oligomerization of Fischer-Tropsch-derived olefins over a solid phosphoric acid catalyst was studied to improve the quality of the hydrogenated motor-gasoline. It was shown that, with a narrow-cut Fischer-Tropsch butene mixture, rich in 1-butene and…
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Catalyst deactivation is usually inevitable, although the rate at which it occurs varies greatly. This article discusses the causes of deactivation and the influence on reaction rate. Methods for minimising catalyst deactivation, by tailoring…
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A thermochemical kinetics-based lumping strategy for modeling the pyrolysis of individual components of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures is suggested. Pyrolysis of a given feedstock is viewed from two perspectives. First, molecules are organized into…
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The literature treating mechanisms of catalyst deactivation is reviewed. Intrinsic mechanisms of catalyst deactivation are many; nevertheless, they can be classified into six distinct types: (i) poisoning, (ii) fouling, (iii) thermal degradation,…
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Metal catalysts are widely used in the petrochemical processing industry such as in the FischerTropsch (FT) process to produce hydrocarbons from synthesis gas (syngas). The deactivated cobalt-containing catalyst from the FT-reaction is subsequently…
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The objective of this study was to investigate thermal conversion of a perennial shrub, Euphorbia rigida biomass sample with catalyst in inert (N2) and steam atmospheres. Experimental studies were conducted in a well swept fixed bed reactor with a…
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The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stabilityThis paper investigates four reference fuels and three low lignin Lolium Festuca grasses which were subjected to pyrolysis to produce pyrolysis oils. The oils were analysed to determine their quality and stability, enabling the identification of…
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The transformation of crude bio-oil to hydrocarbons has been studied in an online thermal catalytic process that is comprised of two steps: the thermal treatment reactor, followed by the catalytic reactor. The deposition of pyrolytic lignin formed…
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This paper analyzes the main kinetic features of biomass pyrolysis, devolatilization, and the gas phase reactions of the released species. Three complex steps are faced in sequence: the characterization of biomasses, the description of the release…
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The thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass materials and their major components is discussed. Thermogravimetric and DSC curves at different T(t) heating programs were evaluated by the method of least squares. Pseudo-first order models,…
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Cobalt-rhenium based catalysts were prepared by coimpregnation from two different cobalt precursors: cobalt nitrate CoRe(N) and cobalt acetate CoRe(A). They were characterized by H2-TPR, ICP, XRD, DRIFTS, and activity/selectivity in CO…
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This article develops an experimental and theoretical kinetic analysis of ceria reduction using TPR experiments, considering both low and high surface area samples. From data in the existing literature on oxygen diffusion within the ceria lattice,…
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Catalysts composed of unsupported cobalt and cobalt supported on silica, alumina, titania, magnesia, and carbon were prepared by thermal decomposition, impregnation, precipitation, and evaporative deposition. These catalysts were characterized by…
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