Taphonomy plays diverse roles in paleobiology. These include assessing sample quality relevant to ecologic, biogeographic, and evolutionary questions, diagnosing the roles of various taphonomic agents, processes and circumstances in generating the…
Paleontology
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25,374 papers
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A comprehensive, but simple-to-use software package for executing a range of standard numerical analysis and operations used in quantitative paleontology has been developed. The program, called PAST (PAleontological STatistics), runs on standard…
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A partial skeleton of a new sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (?Tithonian) of Montana is described. Suuwassea emilieae gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by numerous cranial, axial, and appendicular autapomorphies. The holotype…
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Changes in genus diversity within higher taxa of marine animals on the temporal scale of a few million years are more strongly correlated with changes in extinction rate than with changes in origination rate during the Paleozoic. After the Paleozoic…
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A new specimen of the Cretaceous trionychoid turtle Basilemys praeclara Hay, from the Frenchman Formation (Upper Maastrichtian) of Saskatchewan, confirms the validity of the species, previously known only from the type specimen. Basilemys praeclara…
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Body mass is an important determinant of most biological functions, and knowing the mass of extinct animals is essential in order to learn about their biology. It was the aim of this paper to develop a method of mass estimation which would make it…
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Fourteen ornithomimid skeletons were recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Ulansuhai Formation in Nei Mongol (InnerMongolia)Autonomous Region of China. They are assigned to a new genus and species, Sinornithomimus dongi.
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Background: The best European locality for complete Eocene mammal skeletons is Grube Messel, near Darmstadt, Germany. Although the site was surrounded by a para-tropical rain forest in the Eocene, primates are remarkably rare there, and only eight…
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Cope's Rule is the tendency for organisms in evolving lineages to increase in size over time. The concept is detailed in many textbooks, but has rarely been demonstrated. Many suggestions of the benefits of large body size exist, but none has yet…
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Pore water samples were collected with an in situ pore water squeezer for a submersible (ISPS-S) by the submersible Shinkai 2000 from a Calyptogena patch in the largest living Calyptogena community at the Hatsushima site (3459.9'N, 13913.6'E; 1146m…
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Muscle moment arms are important determinants of muscle function; however, it is challenging to determine moment arms by inspecting bone specimens alone, as muscles have curvilinear paths that change as joints rotate. The goals of this study were to…
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Finite element analysis (FEA) is used by industrial designers and biomechanicists to estimate the performance of engineered structures or human skeletal and soft tissues subjected to varying regimes of stress and strain. FEA is rarely applied to…
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Sauropoda is among the most diverse and widespread dinosaur lineages, having attained a near-global distribution by the Middle Jurassic that was built on throughout the Cretaceous. These gigantic herbivores are characterized by numerous skeletal…
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A new skeleton of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis is the most complete specimen collected and has the only known complete skull. Aspects of the new skeleton are described in detail, with special attention directed to the morphology of the skull and…
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Twenty-four species of Eleutherodactylus are distributed in the Amazonian lowland forests (be- low 1000 m.) of South America; 23 of these occur within Haffer's (1969, 1974) Napo refugium. Pri- mary distributional data or references to such re- ports…
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Global diversity curves reflect more than just the number of taxa that have existed through time: they also mirror variation in the nature of the fossil record and the way the record is reported. These sampling effects are best quantified by…
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Exceptional preservation of soft-bodied Cambrian chordates provides our only direct information on the origin of vertebrates. Fossil chordates from this interval offer crucial insights into how the distinctive body plan of vertebrates evolved, but…
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Long-standing controversy surrounds the question of whether living bird lineages emerged after non-avian dinosaur extinction at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary or whether these lineages coexisted with other dinosaurs and passed through this…
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Mesozoic mammals are commonly portrayed as shrew- or rat-sized animals that were mainly insectivorous, probably nocturnal and lived in the shadow of dinosaurs. The largest known Mesozoic mammal represented by substantially complete remains is…
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The early evolution of the major groups of derived non-avialan theropods is still not well understood, mainly because of their poor fossil record in the Jurassic. A well-known result of this problem is the 'temporal paradox' argument that is…
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