Nephrology, Urology

Cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids have been the cornerstone of remission-induction therapy for severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis for 40 years. Uncontrolled studies suggest that rituximab is effective and may…

Background: Substantial controversy surrounds the use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria to define chronic kidney disease and assign its stages. We undertook a meta-analysis to assess the independent and combined…

Although renal osteodystrophy and vitamin D analogs may be related to survival in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, most studies have examined associations between baseline values and survival without accounting for variations in clinical and…

Liver cysts were found in 46 (29 per cent) of 158 patients over 10 years of age with documented autosomal dominant-type polycystic kidney disease (PKD) from 62 unrelated families. Hepatic cysts were not found in any patient at risk for PKD in whom…

Patients with ESRD commonly experience secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition primarily managed with activated injectable vitamin D. The biologic effects of vitamin D, however, are widespread, and it is possible that activated injectable vitamin…

The prevalence of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) attributable to hypertension continues to rise worldwide. Identifying the precise prevalence of CKD attributable to hypertension is difficult owing to…

Introduction: There is no consensus definition of acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients. More than 30 different definitions have been used in the literature, creating much confusion and making comparisons difficult. Similarly, strong…

Management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis (stage 5D) provides a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. The association between BP and cardiovascular disease risk has been well studied…

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive regimens with the fewest possible toxic effects are desirable for transplant recipients. This study evaluated the efficacy and relative toxic effects of four immunosuppressive regimens. METHODS: We randomly assigned…

Chronic kidney disease is a common disorder and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Early diagnosis on the basis of presence of proteinuria or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate could permit early intervention to reduce the risks of…

The 2009 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline on the monitoring, management, and treatment of kidney transplant recipients is intended to assist the practitioner caring for adults and children after kidney…

Recently "K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Metabolism and Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease" was published. It consists of sixteen precise guidelines which cover the wide range of this field. It is expected that these guidelines…

Low values of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) predispose to acute kidney injury, and proteinuria is a marker of kidney disease. We aimed to investigate how eGFR and proteinuria jointly modified the risks of acute kidney injury and…

To determine whether routine early endoscopy is beneficial to patients with upper-gastrointestinal-tract bleeding that ceases during hospitalization, we randomly assigned 206 patients to routine endoscopy (100 patients) or no routine endoscopy…

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition with an increasing prevalence. A number of comorbidities are associated with CKD and prognosis is poor, with many patients experiencing disease progression. Recognizing the factors associated with…

Summary: Background: Patients undergoing dialysis have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Although several trials have shown the cardiovascular benefits of lowering blood pressure in the general population,…

Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are an important cause of morbidity, decreased quality of life, and extraskeletal calcification that have been associated with increased cardiovascular…

BACKGROUND: Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with activated vitamin D analogues is associated with better survival in patients receiving dialysis. It is unclear whether such a benefit is present in patients with predialysis chronic…

The importance of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions for normal development of the pancreas was recognized in the early 1960s, and mesenchymal signals have been shown to control the proliferation of early pancreatic progenitor cells. The mechanisms…

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether parachutes are effective in preventing major trauma related to gravitational challenge. Design Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane…