The authors provide an introduction to e-learning and its role in medical education by outlining key terms, the components of e-learning, the evidence for its effectiveness, faculty development needs for implementation, evaluation strategies for…
Medical Education
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REVIEW DATE: 1969 to 2003, 34 years. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: Simulations are now in widespread use in medical education and medical personnel evaluation. Outcomes research on the use and effectiveness of simulation technology in medical education is…
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CONTEXT: One of the core tasks assigned to clinical teachers is to enable students to sort through a cluster of features presented by a patient and accurately assign a diagnostic label, with the development of an appropriate treatment strategy being…
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Background: We have witnessed a rapid increase in the use of Web-based 'collaborationware' in recent years. These Web 2.0 applications, particularly wikis, blogs and podcasts, have been increasingly adopted by many online health-related professional…
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BACKGROUND: Research in clinical reasoning has been conducted for over 30 years. Throughout this time there have been a number of identifiable trends in methodology and theory. PURPOSE: This paper identifies three broad research traditions, ordered…
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This article reviews and critically evaluates historical and contemporary research on simulation-based medical education (SBME). It also presents and discusses 12 features and best practices of SBME that teachers should know in order to use medical…
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OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to summarise the evidence supporting the role of experience-based, non-analytic reasoning (NAR) or pattern recognition as a central feature of expert medical diagnosis. METHODS: The authors examine a series of studies,…
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100 years ago, a series of studies about the education of health professionals, led by the 1910 Flexner report, sparked groundbreaking reforms. Through integration of modern science into the curricula at university-based schools, the reforms…
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Internet-based medical education: a realist review of what works, for whom and in what circumstancesBackground: Educational courses for doctors and medical students are increasingly offered via the Internet. Despite much research, course developers remain unsure about what (if anything) to offer online and how. Prospective learners lack…
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CONTEXT: All assessments in medical education require evidence of validity to be interpreted meaningfully. In contemporary usage, all validity is construct validity, which requires multiple sources of evidence; construct validity is the whole of…
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PURPOSE: Problem-based learning (PBL) is now used at many medical schools to promote lifelong learning, open inquiry, teamwork, and critical thinking. PBL has not been compared with other forms of discussion-based small-group learning. Case-based…
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Teaching is a demanding and complex task. This guide looks at teaching and what it involves. Implicit in the widely accepted and far-reaching changes in medical education is a changing role for the medical teacher. Twelve roles have been identified…
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine what students perceive as the ideal features of virtual patient (VP) design in order to foster learning with a special focus on clinical reasoning. METHODS: A total of 104 Year 5 medical students worked…
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Evidence-based medical education requires rigorous studies appraising educational efficacy.
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INTRODUCTION: Written assessment techniques can be subdivided according to their stimulus format-what the question asks-and their response format-how the answer is recorded. The former is more important in determining the type of competence being…
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In 1990, Miller wrote that no tools were available for assessment of what a learner does when functioning independently at the clinical workplace (Miller 1990 ). Since then portfolios have filled this gap and found their way into medical education,…
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PURPOSE: To collect national trainee-derived data about the educational process and experience of MD-PhD students. METHOD: Eight hundred sixty-eight MD-PhD students enrolled in 15 training programs nationally were surveyed in spring 2003 via a…
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Internal medicine residents in the US must be competent to perform procedures including Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) to become board-eligible. Our aim was to determine if residents near graduation could assess their skills in ACLS procedures…
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This article examines the challenges that medical ethics education faces, given its aim of producing ethical doctors. Starting with an account of the ethical doctor, it then inquires into the key areas of medical students' ethical development, viz.…
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CONTEXT: Authors have questioned the degree to which medical education research informs practice and advances the science of medical education. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to propose a framework for classifying the purposes of education research and…
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