Breast cancer patients with the same stage of disease can have markedly different treatment responses and overall outcome. The strongest predictors for metastases (for example, lymph node status and histological grade) fail to classify accurately…
Pathology and Forensics
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19,548 papers
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Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Global…
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Interpretation of the histopathological findings of primary scarring and non-scarring alopecias may prove daunting. This is especially true if the biopsy specimen is inadequate, and the clinical history and pattern of the alopecia are not known.…
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be divided into prognostically important subgroups with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB), activated B-cell-like (ABC), and type 3 gene expression profiles using a cDNA microarray. Tissue microarray (TMA)…
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Most invasive breast cancers are classified as invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS), whereas about 25% are defined as histological 'special types'. These special-type breast cancers are categorized into at least 17 discrete…
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Dysplastic naevi are clinically atypical and histologically are characterized by architectural disorder and cytological atypia. Their diagnosis is reproducible if criteria and thresholds are agreed upon. They are significant only in relation to…
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BACKGROUND: The survival of patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma after chemotherapy is influenced by molecular features of the tumors. We used the gene-expression profiles of these lymphomas to develop a molecular predictor of survival.…
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In a European BIOMED-2 collaborative study, multiplex PCR assays have successfully been developed and standardized for the detection of clonally rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes and the chromosome aberrations t(11;14)…
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assessment of clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements is an important diagnostic tool in mature T-cell neoplasms. However, lack of standardized primers and PCR protocols has hampered…
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A potential diagnostic pitfall in the histologic assessment of melanoma is the inability to recognize unusual melanoma variants. Of these, the more treacherous examples include the desmoplastic melanoma, the nevoid melanoma, the so-called…
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CONTEXT: The proper classification of spindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract frequently requires the use of immunohistochemistry, as the histologic appearance of these lesions often overlaps. OBJECTIVE: To review the antibodies used in…
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BACKGROUND: The distinction between Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma is unclear. We used transcriptional and genomic profiling to define Burkitt's lymphoma more precisely and to distinguish subgroups in other types of mature…
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Cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates may pose some of the most difficult diagnostic problems in dermatopathology. Immunocytochemistry is often employed in an effort to determine whether an infiltrate is neoplastic or, in the case of clearly malignant…
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This paper presents an overview of the role of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms. Many soft tissue neoplasms harbor characteristic translocations or amplification of gene regions, which can be…
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CONTEXT: Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and death among gastrointestinal tumors and ranks fourth after lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. Despite a continuous refinement of the T (tumor), N (node), and M (metastasis) staging…
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In recent years, immunohistochemistry has assumed an increasingly prominent role in diagnostic breast pathology. Immunohistochemistry is now frequently used in the evaluation of many epithelial proliferations of the breast. Common applications…
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PURPOSE: An update is provided of the Gleason grading system, which has evolved significantly since its initial description. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was performed using the MEDLINE(R) database and referenced lists of relevant studies to…
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There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of…
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Other ProfessionalMedical Center Alkmaar