Summary: Organophosphorus pesticide self-poisoning is an important clinical problem in rural regions of the developing world, and kills an estimated 200000 people every year. Unintentional poisoning kills far fewer people but is a problem in places…
Toxicology
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18,856 papers
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In a randomized controlled trial of individuals who had taken organophosphorus insecticides, Michael Eddleston and colleagues find that there is no evidence that the addition of the antidote pralidoxime offers benefit over atropine and supportive…
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The field of cytochrome P450 (P450) research has developed considerably over the past 20 years, and many important papers on the roles of P450s in chemical toxicology have appeared in Chemical Research in Toxicology. Today, our basic understanding…
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BACKGROUND: Cardenolides are naturally occurring plant toxins which act primarily on the heart. While poisoning with the digitalis cardenolides (digoxin and digitoxin) are reported worldwide, cardiotoxicity from other cardenolides such as the yellow…
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BACKGROUND: Acute poisoning with chlorophenoxy herbicides (such as 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4,5-T and mecoprop) is reported worldwide, potentially causing severe toxicity and death in exposed patients. Animal studies support the application of urinary…
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Background: Paraquat is a herbicide with a good occupational safety record, but a high mortality after intentional ingestion that has proved refractory to treatment. For nearly three decades paraquat concentrationtime data have been used to predict…
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Clinical outcomes and kinetics of propanil following acute self-poisoning: a prospective case seriesBackground: Propanil is an important cause of death from acute pesticide poisoning, of which methaemoglobinaemia is an important manifestation. However, there is limited information about the clinical toxicity and kinetics. The objective of this…
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BACKGROUND: Poisoning with paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a common cause of hepatotoxicity in the Western World. Inhibition of absorption, removal from the vascular system, antidotes, and liver transplantation are interventions for paracetamol…
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STUDY OBJECTIVE: The risk of hepatotoxicity after acute acetaminophen overdose varies with timed serum acetaminophen concentration and delay to treatment. The ability to accurately predict hepatotoxicity is needed to reduce confusion about the…
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Summary: Background: The case-fatality for intentional self-poisoning in the rural developing world is 1050-fold higher than that in industrialised countries, mostly because of the use of highly toxic pesticides and plants. We therefore aimed to…
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In June 2005, a World Health Organization (WHO)-International Programme on Chemical Safety expert meeting was held in Geneva during which the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for dioxin-like compounds, including some polychlorinated biphenyls…
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CONTEXT: The case fatality from acute poisoning with glyphosate-containing herbicides is approximately 7.7% from the available studies but these have major limitations. Large prospective studies of patients with self-poisoning from known…
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Diphenhydramine poisoning is characterized most often by anticholinergic effects. Cardiotoxicity and circulatory collapse have rarely been reported after massive ingestions of diphenhydramine and other H1-receptor-blocking agents, although these…
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AIMS: Many patients acutely poisoned with organophosphorus insecticides have co-ingested alcohol. Although clinical experience suggests that this makes management more difficult, the relationship between plasma concentration of alcohol and…
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Cyanide poisoning must be seriously considered in victims of smoke inhalation from enclosed space fires; it is also a credible terrorism threat agent. The treatment of cyanide poisoning is empiric because laboratory confirmation can take hours or…
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Why certain individuals are more susceptible than others to harmful effects of chemical exposure remains incompletely understood. One understudied but potentially important determinant of susceptibility is concurrent or preexisting inflammation that…
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BACKGROUND: Acute organophosphorus (OP) pesticide poisoning is widespread in the developing world. Standard treatment involves the administration of intravenous atropine and an oxime to counter acetylcholinesterase inhibition at the synapse, but the…
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INTRODUCTION: C-4 is a plastic explosive widely used for demolition in both military and civilian settings. Severe toxicity following unintentional oral exposures or abuse have been reported in single case reports and small case series. CASE SERIES:…
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State-of-the-art therapy for beta-adrenergic receptor blocker and calcium channel antagonist toxicity is reviewed in the light of new insights into drug-induced shock. A brief discussion of pathophysiology, including cardiac, hemodynamic, and…
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Ph.D. StudentThe University of Leicester
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Associate ProfessorSt Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor
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Ph.D. StudentUniversity of Cambridge