The scanning tunneling microscope is proposed as a method to measure forces as small as 10-18 N. As one application for this concept, we introduce a new type of microscope capable of investigating surfaces of insulators on an atomic scale. The…
Surface and Interface Physics
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In this review, recent developments in the fabrication and understanding of the electronic properties of graphene nanostructures are discussed. After a brief overview of the structure of graphene and the two-dimensional transport properties, the…
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We report on the first successful tunneling experiment with an externally and reproducibly adjustable vacuum gap. The observation of vacuum tunneling is established by the exponential dependence of the tunneling resistance on the width of the gap.…
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This article reviews the progress of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultra-high vacuum, starting with its invention and covering most of the recent developments. Today, dynamic force microscopy allows to image surfaces of conductors emphand…
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We give here a discussion of tunnelling from a many-particle point of view and show that it is plausible to treat M as a constant in the interpretation of the experiments..... The method described here can also be used for calculating the tunnelling…
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A theory is presented for vacuum tunneling between a real solid surface and a model probe with a locally spherical tip, applicable to the recently developed "scanning tunneling microscope." Calculations for 21 and 31 reconstructions of Au(110) are…
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The fabrication methods of the microelectronics industry have been refined to produce ever smaller devices, but will soon reach their fundamental limits. A promising alternative route to even smaller functional systems with nanometre dimensions is…
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We present a theory for tunneling between a real surface and a model probe tip, applicable to the recently developed scanning tunneling microscope. The tunneling current is found to be proportional to the local density of states of the surface, at…
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The direct observation of spin structures with atomic-scale resolution, a long-time dream in condensed matter research, recently became a reality based on the development of spin-sensitive scanning probe methods, such as spin-polarized…
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Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already…
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A new frequency modulation (FM) technique has been demonstrated which enhances the sensitivity of attractive mode force microscopy by an order of magnitude or more. Increased sensitivity is made possible by operating in a moderate vacuum (<103…
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Significant progress has been made both in experimentation and in theoretical modeling of scanning probe microscopy. The theoretical models used to analyze and interpret experimental scanning probe microscope (SPM) images and spectroscopic data now…
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The semiconductor industry has seen a remarkable miniaturization trend, driven by many scientific and technological innovations. But if this trend is to continue, and provide ever faster and cheaper computers, the size of microelectronic circuit…
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A new frequency modulation (FM) technique has been demonstrated which enhances the sensitivity of attractive mode force microscopy by an order of magnitude or more. Increased sensitivity is made possible by operating in a moderate vacuum (10-3…
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) force-distance curves have become a fundamental tool in several fields of research, such as surface science, materials engineering, biochemistry and biology. Furthermore, they have great importance for the study of…
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In this work we briefly describe the most relevant features of WSXM, a freeware scanning probe microscopy software based on MS-Windows. The article is structured in three different sections: The introduction is a perspective on the importance of…
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The 7 7 reconstruction on Si(111) was observed in real space by scanning tunneling microscopy. The experiment strongly favors a modified adatom model with 12 adatoms per unit cell and an inhomogeneously relaxed underlying top layer.
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Graphene nanoribbons-narrow and straight-edged stripes of graphene, or single-layer graphite-are predicted to exhibit electronic properties that make them attractive for the fabrication of nanoscale electronic devices. In particular, although the…
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The geometry of adsorbed C(60) influences its collective properties. We report the first dynamical low-energy electron diffraction study to determine the geometry of a C(60) monolayer, Ag(111)-(2 square root of 3 x 2 square root of 3) 30 degrees…
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ProfessorRosario, Argentina -
Ph.D. StudentMax-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung,Dusseldorf -
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