Papers

The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include…

DNA sequence represents a single format onto which a broad range of biological phenomena can be projected for high-throughput data collection. Over the past three years, massively parallel DNA sequencing platforms have become widely available,…

RNA-Seq is a recently developed approach to transcriptome profiling that uses deep-sequencing technologies. Studies using this method have already altered our view of the extent and complexity of eukaryotic transcriptomes. RNA-Seq also provides a…

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of…

Use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNA products reverse transcribed from mRNA is on the way to becoming a routine tool in molecular biology to study low abundance gene expression. Real-time PCR is easy to perform,…

The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to…

Ten years after the publication of the position paper The hallmarks of cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg Cell 100:5770, 2000), it has become increasingly clear that mutated cells on their way to giving rise to a tumor have also to learn how to thrive in…

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of…

Error bars commonly appear in figures in publications, but experimental biologists are often unsure how they should be used and interpreted. In this article we illustrate some basic features of error bars and explain how they can help communicate…

Insights into conducting research and the writing of scientific papers are given by Prof. Whitesides in this short essay. The manuscript and its guidelines has been circulated within the Whitesides' research group since 1989.

We describe a model-based clustering method for using multilocus genotype data to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. We assume a model in which there are K populations (where K may be unknown), each of which is…

In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator…

Computing as you know it is about to change, your applications and documents are going to move from the desktop into the cloud. I'm talking about cloud computing, where applications and files are hosted on a "cloud" consisting of thousands of…

How should ecologists and evolutionary biologists analyze nonnormal data that involve random effects? Nonnormal data such as counts or proportions often defy classical statistical procedures. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) provide a more…

The tutorial starts with an overview of the concepts of VC dimension and structural risk minimization. We then describe linear Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for separable and non-separable data, working through a non-trivial example in detail. We…

There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array of ecosystems and organizational hierarchies, from the…

The dynamic capabilities framework analyzes the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on…

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

We have designed and implemented the Google File System, a scalable distributed file system for large distributed data-intensive applications. It provides fault tolerance while running on inexpensive commodity hardware, and it delivers high…

Provided certain obstacles are overcome, we believe Cloud Computing has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased.…

Summary Fractured reservoir analysis requires an accurate delineation of fracture corridors, as well as an estimate of the fracture density. Fracture corridors are often closely associated with faults, large and small. 3D seismic data is of great…

Abstract We present a method that uses combined information acquired at core, log and seismic scale for improved reservoir delineation and characterisation. In the paper, we illustrate how the method is applied to estimate porosity and reservoir…

Abstract Geologic modeling and reservoir simulation provide information critical to successful commercialization of discovered and undeveloped reserves, as well as to the effective management of producing reservoirs. Often, uncertainty associated…

Seismic reflection data foster geological intuition when they resemble geology. With a simple workflow based on modern seismic attributes and tools for interpretive processing and display, it is straightforward to display seismic data to look more…

With the evolving availability of wireless communication services and of affordable mobile devices such as notebooks or Personal Digital Assistants, mobile computing is becoming widely accepted and applied. It is one further step towards the vision…

Optical Tomographic Microscopy is a technique allowing to reconstruct high-resolution 3D maps of permittivity. We found an experiment case where multiple scattering leads to image resolution beyond diffraction limit.

This paper recognizes and reflects upon the important co-creativity roles and intimacies that arts students may play in increasingly interdisciplinary environments where research and design potentials of evolving new media technologies are being…

Whilst there has been considerable research into the potential uses of digital games in the classroom, there has been less investigation into the educational value of Alternate Reality Games (ARGs). Unlike console or computer games, in ARGs the…

While eye tracking is becoming more and more relevant as a promising input channel, diverse applications using gaze control in a more natural way are still rather limited. Though several researchers have indicated the particular high potential of…

Aerosol samples collected from the marine environment of Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean using a high volume aerosol sampler during the first field phase of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) were analysed to study the mass concentration of cations…

Aerosol samples collected from the marine environment of Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean using a high volume aerosol sampler during the first field phase of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) were analysed to study the mass concentration of cations…

Abnormal T-cell signaling and activation are characteristic features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus T cells are shifted toward an over-activated state, important signaling pathways are rewired, and signaling molecules are replaced.…

Abnormal T-cell signaling and activation are characteristic features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus T cells are shifted toward an over-activated state, important signaling pathways are rewired, and signaling molecules are replaced.…

We report the first genome sequence of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strain E140, isolated from a canine bite wound infection in Denmark. This strain represents the dominant clonal lineage associated with canine…

The opportunity to access information at any time and any place caused a boom in the development of small mobile devices in recent years. Due to their application, these handhelds become smaller and handier, which leads to new challenges in…

The opportunity to access information at any time and any place caused a boom in the development of small mobile devices in recent years. Due to their application, these handhelds become smaller and handier, which leads to new challenges in…

More than a decade ago, prospective epidemiologic studies showed that mortality was increased among people living in communities with elevated concentrations of fine particulate air pollution.1,2 Subsequent research has shown that particulate air…

3个国内主栽番茄品种 2~ 3片真叶期幼苗, 在昼夜最低 最高温度 32~ 35e 和相对湿度为 30% ~ 60%的温室条件下,打顶法接种番茄幼苗后溃疡病发病率为 87. 5% ~ 100. 0%, 病 情指数随接种菌悬液浓度提高而增大,达到 23. 96~ 82. 29, 3个供试品种之间表现稳定一致; 剪叶 浸根和针刺接种方法的发病率普遍在40%以下, mSCM 测试线,PCR扩增到 614 bp的特异性条带, 证实该分离物为番茄细菌性溃疡病菌, 发病植株为接种体侵染所致该研究结…

采用打顶法接种 对来自 3 个国家 9个不同地区的46 株番茄溃疡病菌进行了致病性测定, 以病情指数评价不同菌株的致病力结果显示, 分离自我 国河北滦平县 内蒙古包头市等地的24 株菌株的病情指数达到75 以上,属于强致病力水平; 11 株菌株的病情指数 为50~ 75,属于中等致病力; 而9株菌株的病情指数为50 以下,属于弱致病力; 检测同时证实,有2 株属于无致病力 菌株强致病力 中等致病力 弱致病力和无致病力菌株占供试菌株总数的比例分别为 52.2%4.3%,…

3个国内主栽番茄品种 2~ 3片真叶期幼苗, 在昼夜最低 最高温度 32~ 35e 和相对湿度为 30% ~ 60%的温室条件下,打顶法接种番茄幼苗后溃疡病发病率为 87. 5% ~ 100. 0%, 病 情指数随接种菌悬液浓度提高而增大,达到 23. 96~ 82. 29, 3个供试品种之间表现稳定一致; 剪叶 浸根和针刺接种方法的发病率普遍在40%以下, mSCM 测试线,PCR扩增到 614 bp的特异性条带, 证实该分离物为番茄细菌性溃疡病菌, 发病植株为接种体侵染所致该研究结…