Papers

The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include…

DNA sequence represents a single format onto which a broad range of biological phenomena can be projected for high-throughput data collection. Over the past three years, massively parallel DNA sequencing platforms have become widely available,…

RNA-Seq is a recently developed approach to transcriptome profiling that uses deep-sequencing technologies. Studies using this method have already altered our view of the extent and complexity of eukaryotic transcriptomes. RNA-Seq also provides a…

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of…

Use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNA products reverse transcribed from mRNA is on the way to becoming a routine tool in molecular biology to study low abundance gene expression. Real-time PCR is easy to perform,…

The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to…

Ten years after the publication of the position paper The hallmarks of cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg Cell 100:5770, 2000), it has become increasingly clear that mutated cells on their way to giving rise to a tumor have also to learn how to thrive in…

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of…

Error bars commonly appear in figures in publications, but experimental biologists are often unsure how they should be used and interpreted. In this article we illustrate some basic features of error bars and explain how they can help communicate…

Insights into conducting research and the writing of scientific papers are given by Prof. Whitesides in this short essay. The manuscript and its guidelines has been circulated within the Whitesides' research group since 1989.

We describe a model-based clustering method for using multilocus genotype data to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. We assume a model in which there are K populations (where K may be unknown), each of which is…

In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator…

Computing as you know it is about to change, your applications and documents are going to move from the desktop into the cloud. I'm talking about cloud computing, where applications and files are hosted on a "cloud" consisting of thousands of…

How should ecologists and evolutionary biologists analyze nonnormal data that involve random effects? Nonnormal data such as counts or proportions often defy classical statistical procedures. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) provide a more…

The tutorial starts with an overview of the concepts of VC dimension and structural risk minimization. We then describe linear Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for separable and non-separable data, working through a non-trivial example in detail. We…

There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array of ecosystems and organizational hierarchies, from the…

The dynamic capabilities framework analyzes the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on…

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

We have designed and implemented the Google File System, a scalable distributed file system for large distributed data-intensive applications. It provides fault tolerance while running on inexpensive commodity hardware, and it delivers high…

Provided certain obstacles are overcome, we believe Cloud Computing has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased.…

River corridors constitute the backbone of ecological greenway planning. Selected as the case study of this study, Tersane Street and Kanlıırmak Street along the Bartın River are important public green areas where the inhabitants can access the…

Capital exporting countries have attempted to protect the overseas investmens of their multinational corporations (MNC) against host nation governments expropriating these investments, limiting the right repatriate profits, or subjecting the…

Based upon a study of 22 forensic interviews with suspected sex offenders whose criminal conduct originated from Internet use, this paper examines the role of cyberspace in the development of virtual sex offending cases. A framework that…

During 2006, 3,661 suspects were referred to U.S. attor- neys for child sex exploitation offenses. Child pornography constituted 69% of referrals, followed by sex abuse (16%) and sex transportation (14%). Almost 6 in 10 child sex crime suspects were…

You cannot have freedom of speech without the option to remain anonymous. Most censorship is retrospective, it is generally much easier to curtail free speech by punishing those who exercise it afterward, rather than preventing them from doing it in…

Each new technological advance has brought with it abusive practices towards children. This is also the case for the Internet. This article describes the collaborative work of the COPINE research project in the context of how children are made…

Apart from millennium concerns about what it means to be English, whiteness has largely escaped examination, particularly in the leisure literature. Where black people have been seen as the signicant other in British sport, whiteness could be seen…

K. J. Jonas, P. Breuer, B. Schauenburg & M. Boos

This study aimed at assessing farmers' perceived health, work ability, and physical work strain. It was carried out using a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI). The study group consisted of 1182 full-time farmers, 911 male and 271 female…

The research objective is to evaluate a new test procedure for determining the specific gravity and absorption of steel slag and crushed concrete, which are recycled and manufactured coarse aggregates, respectively. Steel slag and crushed concrete,…

In this paper, the effects of carbonation on pore structure of blended pozzolan cement pastes were investigated. Ordinary Portland cement OPC was partially replaced with ground palm oil fuel ash POA, ground rice husk ash RHA and classified fine fly…

This research describes the epidemiology of motorcycle ATV crashes on New Zealand farms which result in death or hospital inpatient treatment. Fatalities were identified from national mortality files (1978-1987), and hospitalisations from national…

There are three major steel-manufacturing factories in Jordan. All of their by-product, steel slag, is dumped randomly in open areas, causing many environmentally hazardous problems. This research was intended to study the effectiveness of using…

Während bislang der Schutz einer Baukonstruktion vor Außen- und Innenklimabelastungen im Vordergrund bauphysikalischer Überlegungen stand, werden heute zunehmend passiv und aktiv wirksame Prozesse der Bauwerkshülle und deren Einflüsse auf das äußere…

This paper provides insight into Ugandas evolving innovation system using a framework that presents science, technology and innovation as a function of financing, governance, human capital and the strength and intensity of interactions within and…

While publications on the regional nature of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have sparked a lively debate about the nature and measurement of regionalization and (semi)globalization, and performance implications are starting to be addressed, the…

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulu and Amuru districts in Northern Uganda to establish the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis, its risk factors and the farmer awareness about the disease. Two hundred eighty one serum samples were…

Persons who registered with a Midwestern citizen journalism site in order to gain the ability to author on it were surveyed on their motivations. Using the registration rolls of MyMissourian.com, the authors conducted a Web-based survey that tracked…

It is acommonplce that very young children deviate from adult norms of pronunciation in their rendering of words in the vocabulary of the language they are learning. The problem is to determine whether they faithfully mirror the child's language…

This is a report on an acoustic analysis of newcast English as a good example of a fluent and natural pronunciation of hight quality, in connection with the English sounds pronounced by a Japanese. First we make a spectrographic analysis of an…