Papers

The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include…

DNA sequence represents a single format onto which a broad range of biological phenomena can be projected for high-throughput data collection. Over the past three years, massively parallel DNA sequencing platforms have become widely available,…

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of…

RNA-Seq is a recently developed approach to transcriptome profiling that uses deep-sequencing technologies. Studies using this method have already altered our view of the extent and complexity of eukaryotic transcriptomes. RNA-Seq also provides a…

The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to…

Use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNA products reverse transcribed from mRNA is on the way to becoming a routine tool in molecular biology to study low abundance gene expression. Real-time PCR is easy to perform,…

There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array of ecosystems and organizational hierarchies, from the…

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of…

Ten years after the publication of the position paper The hallmarks of cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg Cell 100:5770, 2000), it has become increasingly clear that mutated cells on their way to giving rise to a tumor have also to learn how to thrive in…

In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator…

Error bars commonly appear in figures in publications, but experimental biologists are often unsure how they should be used and interpreted. In this article we illustrate some basic features of error bars and explain how they can help communicate…

The tutorial starts with an overview of the concepts of VC dimension and structural risk minimization. We then describe linear Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for separable and non-separable data, working through a non-trivial example in detail. We…

We describe a model-based clustering method for using multilocus genotype data to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. We assume a model in which there are K populations (where K may be unknown), each of which is…

Insights into conducting research and the writing of scientific papers are given by Prof. Whitesides in this short essay. The manuscript and its guidelines has been circulated within the Whitesides' research group since 1989.

Computing as you know it is about to change, your applications and documents are going to move from the desktop into the cloud. I'm talking about cloud computing, where applications and files are hosted on a "cloud" consisting of thousands of…

We have designed and implemented the Google File System, a scalable distributed file system for large distributed data-intensive applications. It provides fault tolerance while running on inexpensive commodity hardware, and it delivers high…

How should ecologists and evolutionary biologists analyze nonnormal data that involve random effects? Nonnormal data such as counts or proportions often defy classical statistical procedures. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) provide a more…

Provided certain obstacles are overcome, we believe Cloud Computing has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the way IT hardware is designed and purchased.…

Note: OCR errors may be found in this Reference List extracted from the full text article. ACM has opted to expose the complete List rather than only correct and linked references.

The dynamic capabilities framework analyzes the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on…

Resumen Si bien la enfermedad de Wernicke es un desorden neurológico poco frecuente que se produce por el déficit de tiamina, cuando ocurre es una emergencia médica, ya que la ausencia de tratamiento conduce a una psicosis de Korsakoff e, incluso, a…

The number of pregnant women with cardiac disease is increasing with improvements in technology. In addition, more people are part of the national health insurance plan. However, there are few reports concerning the best method for anesthesia and…

The viscosity-temp. dependences of rapidly crystg. SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-CaO-MgO-Na2O glasses for manufg. glass fibers were obtained from deformation measurements of a glass fiber (diam. 0.1-0.2 mm and length 100-200 mm) fixed at one end during heating.…

Cecal intubation is one of the goals of a quality colonoscopy; however, many factors increasing the risk of incomplete colonoscopy have been implicated. The implications of missed pathology and the demand on health care resources for return…

In this paper we present a refinement of an algorithm (Pilotti, 1998) to generate three-dimensional granular media by deposition of spherical grains in a viscous fluid. The proposed improvements allow the construction of clastic porous media made up…

When red blood cells, of which the pigment is chiefly "O-free hemoglobin," are treated with HCl a pigment is produced which has the general properties of the porphyrins. With fuming HCl and complete absence of O the pigment is produced in abundance,…

Background and Objective: During herpesvirus envelopment capsids, tegument polypeptides and membrane proteins assemble at the site of budding, and a cellular lipid bilayer becomes refashioned into a spherical envelope. A web of interactions between…

Background: Yoga practice has been effectively prescribed in conjunction with other medical and yogic procedures in the management of severe psychosomatic diseases, including cancer, bronchial asthma, colitis, peptic and ulcer. It improves strength…

The removal of mercury from flue gases in scrubbers is greatly facilitated if the mercury is present as water-soluble oxidized species. Therefore, increased mercury oxidation upstream of scrubber devices will improve overall mercury removal. For…

The assessment of micronuclei in exfoliated cells is a promising tool for the study of epithelial carcinogens and can be used to detect chromosome breakage or mitotic interference, thought to be relevant to carcinogenesis.

(1)This paper introduces a semantic framework for adaptive systems. The core is a multidimensional matrix whose different planes contain the ontological representation of different types of knowledge. On these planes we represent user features, her…

The electrochemical and electronic properties, as well as the redox induced ion and charge transport mechanism in poly1,4-bis(pyrrol-2-yl)phenylene (PBPyP), have been studied by electrochemical, optical and electron spin resonance (ESR)…

Complexes of the type crown + M+ were observed following laser desorption ionization of 18-crown-6 molecules 'doped' with K+, Cs+, and Ba+. Laser desorption ionization of 15-crown-5 and 12-crown-4 'doped' with the same metals gave (crown)2 + M+ type…

BACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to characterize the satisfaction of Pediatric Infectious Diseases fellows with their training and to understand how opinions about training have changed over time.METHODS:Anonymous survey studies were…

This paper considers the discrete-time H(2) output tracking control of wireless networked control systems (NCSs) where the time delays are modeled as Markov chains. Output tracking control can find many applications in industry. In order to reduce…

In the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, synthesis of cysteine and its precursors O-acetylserine and sulfide is distributed between the cytosol, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. This compartmentation contributes to regulation of cysteine…

Salinization, both natural and anthropogenic, of inland waters is a major facet of environmental change, and can have detrimental effects on aquatic systems. Fish facing increasing levels of salinity must do more than simply survive salinization,…

The crystal structure and ac susceptibility data for slow cooled copper magnesium ferrites with a general formula CuxMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2,...and 1.0) are presented. The ferrite compns. with x 0.7 ferrites show a tetragonal phase with c/a…

The characteristics of manures, biosolids, and mineral fertilizers greatly affect human and animal health, plant growth, and the environment. Management especially of manures and biosolids (both considered to be soil amendments) is a function of…

Intertrochanteric fractures occur most commonly in elderly patients. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have been reported to be regulated by the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), during bone modeling and remodeling,…