This report assesses the economics of microalgae biofuels production through an analysis of five production scenarios. These scenarios, or cases, are based on technologies that currently exist or are expected to become available in the near-term,…
Papers in Biological Sciences
Miscellaneous papers in Biological Sciences, A
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Cocaine exposure elicits a set of stereotypic behaviors in Drosophila that are strikingly similar to the cocaine-induced behaviors observed in vertebrates. This provides a valuable model for the study of cocaine abuse and has led to the discovery of…
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Eyes of the hoverfly Eristalis tenax are sexually dimorphic such that males have a fronto-dorsal region of large facets. In contrast to other large flies in which large facets are associated with a decreased interommatidial angle to form a dorsal…
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HLA DR4 antigens have been considered as a risk factor in periodontal disease. The aim of this "case control" study was to verify and to provide fuller clarification of such data. "Cases" or patients had to be aged between 20 and 48 years. They…
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The authors review how cancer cells may cooperate in metastasis by means of microenvironmental changes. The main mechanisms underlying this cooperation are clustered migration of cancer cells, extracellular matrix degradation, paracrine loops of…
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The hematopoietic cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) exerts cytoprotective effects on several types of neuronal cells both in vivo and in culture. Detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been elucidated and even the identity of…
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Let Delta F be the free energy difference between two equilibrium states of a system. An established method of numerically computing Delta F involves a single, long ``switching simulation'', during which the system is driven reversibly from one…
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The predominance of the T14484C mutation in French Canadians with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is due to a founder effect. By use of genealogical reconstructions of maternal lineages, a woman married in Quebec City in 1669 is identified as the…
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Niacin is the most effective lipid-modifying agent for raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but it also causes cutaneous vasodilation with flushing. To determine the frequency of flushing in clinical trials, as well as to delineate…
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We constructed gfph, a synthetic version of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (gfp) cDNA that is adapted for high-level expression in mammalian cells, especially those of human origin. A total of 92 base substitutions were…
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We hypothesized that representations of social interactions in REM and non-REM (NREM) dreams would reflect differing regional brain activation patterns associated with the two sleep states, and that levels of aggressive interactions would be higher…
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A pulse sequence for high resolution separated local field spectroscopy based on "magic sandwich" elements is demonstrated on a single crystal sample. Simulations and experimental results show that this pulse sequence has a reduced frequency offset…
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Photoreception in the mammalian retina is not restricted to rods and cones but extends to a small number of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells expressing the photopigment melanopsin. These mRGCs are especially important contributors…
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This paper reports an electron microscope examination of the cortices of some plant cells engaged in wall formation. Previous studies of similar material fixed in OSO(4) alone have disclosed discontinuities in the plasma membrane and other evidence…
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Despite their abundance in the genome, transposable elements (TEs) and their derivatives are major targets of epigenetic silencing mechanisms, which restrain TE mobility at different stages of the life cycle. DNA methylation, post-translational…
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The sand-dwelling octopus Macrotritopus defilippi was filmed or photographed in five Caribbean locations mimicking the swimming behavior (posture, style, speed, duration) and coloration of the common, sand-dwelling flounder Bothus lunatus. Each…
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From the standpoint of promoting leanness, exercise is of most value if oxidation of stored fat is maximized during and following the exercise sessions. Bahadori has proposed that this can best be achieved if prolonged exercise of moderate intensity…
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The high polymorphism of classical Mhc molecules found in mammals is not simply the result of strong selection for pathogen resistance in the recent past, since there are virtually no examples of diseases caused by infectious pathogens for which…
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A neural network algorithm for vector quantization of topologically arbitrarily struc- tured manifolds of input signals is presented and applied to a. data manifold M which consists of subsets of different dimensionalities. In addition to the…
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We develop an approach to conducting large-scale randomized public policy experiments intended to be more robust to the political interventions that have ruined some or all parts of many similar previous efforts. Our proposed design is insulated…
Papers in associated sub-disciplines
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