Natural Killer T (NKT) cells constitute a conserved T lymphocyte sublineage that has been implicated in the regulation of various immune responses, including the responses to viruses, bacteria, and parasites. NKT cells recognize self and foreign…
Papers in Biological Sciences
Miscellaneous papers in Biological Sciences, V
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A change in heart rate at a controlled submaximal exercise intensity is used as a marker of training status. However, the standard error of measurement has not been studied systematically, and therefore a change in heart rate, which can be…
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Extraordinary floral variation is common among some orchids that employ deception to attract pollinators. This variation may be maintained by frequency-dependent selection where rare phenotypes are preferred. Over a 2-yr period, 19931994, we…
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That smooth muscles dilate and contract rhythmically has been known for a long time and the phenomenon has been studied for nearly as long. However, the causes and effects of smooth muscle oscillation (termed vasomotion) are far from clear. It is…
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T cells are thought to play a critical role in cerebral malaria pathogenesis. However, available evidences are restricted to rodent models in which V beta specific T cell expansion has been associated with neurological syndrome suggesting…
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The signaling pathways used by insulin have been identified M. White, Insulin Signaling Pathway, Sci. STKE (Connections Map, as seen November 2003), http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/cm/cmp12069. Now our challenge is to understand how the failure of…
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Th17 cells are a distinct lineage of T helper cells that protect the body from bacterial and fungal infection. However, Th17 cells also contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Th17 cell generation requires…
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During angiogenesis, αv integrins are overexpressed on the endothelial cell surface to facilitate the growth and survival of newly forming vessels. Accordingly, blocking αv integrin function by disrupting ligand binding can produce an antiangiogenic…
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Vocal learning is the modification of vocal output by reference to auditory information. It allows for the imitation and improvisation of sounds that otherwise would not occur. The emergence of this skill may have been a primary step in the…
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Mesmo com um passado de sucesso, novos desafios e ameaças se apresentam no futuro para a Embrapa, assim como novas oportunidades. Responder aos desafios e aproveitar as oportunidades é o segredo para manter sua trajetória de sucesso e o avanço na…
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Previous studies illustrated the influence of T cell subsets on susceptibility or resistance to demyelination in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of multiple sclerosis. Genetic segregation analysis showed a correlation with…
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The immune system is the site of intense DNA damage/modification, which occur during the development and maturation of B and T lymphocytes. V(D)J recombination is initiated by the Rag1 and Rag2 proteins and the formation of a DNA double-strand break…
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Double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) trigger p53-mediated cell cycle arrest or apoptosis pathways that limit the oncogenic consequences of exposure to genotoxic agents, but p53-mediated responses to DSB generated by normal physiologic events have not…
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In order for the immune system to generate its vast numbers of receptors, B- and T-cell receptor genes are created by recombining preexisting gene segments. This well- coordinated set of reactions is explained
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The clonal selection theory states that B lymphocytes producing high-affinity immunoglobulins are selected from a pool of cells undergoing antibody gene mutation. Somatic hypermutation is a well-documented mechanism for achieving diversification of…
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V(D)J recombination is the specialized DNA rearrangement used by cells of the immune system to assemble immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes from the preexisting gene segments. Because there is a large choice of segments to join, this process…
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Tumors of the splenic marginal zone can present in spleen or blood. The maturational status of the neoplastic B cells from each site appears heterogeneous, with either unmutated or mutated variable-region heavy chain (VH) genes. To determine an…
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In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), biologic risk factors such as immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene (V(H)) mutation status, CD38 expression level, and genomic aberrations have recently been identified, but the relative prognostic impact of…
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Coccolithophorids are marine unicellular algae characterized by their ability to carry out controlled, subcellular calcification. The biochemical and kinetic features of membrane-bound Ca2+-stimulated ATPases have been examined. Membranes and…
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The v-abl oncogene of Abelson murine leukemia virus encodes a deregulated form of the cellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. v-Abl activates c-myc transcription, and c-Myc is an essential downstream component in the v-Abl transformation program. To…
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