This report assesses the economics of microalgae biofuels production through an analysis of five production scenarios. These scenarios, or cases, are based on technologies that currently exist or are expected to become available in the near-term,…
Papers in Biochemistry
Biochemistry papers in Chemistry, A
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Synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) do not produce altered coding sequences, and therefore they are not expected to change the function of the protein in which they occur. We report that a synonymous SNP in the Multidrug Resistance 1…
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Covalent modification can expand a protein's functional capacity. Fluorescent or radioactive labeling, for instance, allows imaging of a protein in real time. Labeling with an affinity probe enables isolation of target proteins and other interacting…
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Current structural genomics programs aim systematically to determine the structures of all proteins coded in both human and other genomes, providing a complete picture of the number and variety of protein structures that exist. In the past,…
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Molecular self-assembly offers a means of spontaneously forming complex and well-defined structures from simple components. The specific bonding between DNA base pairs has been used in this way to create DNA-based nanostructures and to direct the…
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We recorded 13C NMR spectra of type I and IV collagens in the anhydrous and hydrated states, in order to confirm our previous assignment of peaks, and to analyze the mode of partial renaturation of soluble collagens by hydration, as well as rapid…
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria and tuberculosis collectively cause more than five million deaths per year, but have nonetheless eluded conventional vaccine development; for this reason they represent one of the major global…
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Despite the fact that the number of publications associated with the keyword 'enzyme' increases every year, the precise origin of enzyme catalysis has remained unresolved. Because of sustained intensive research efforts from an increasing number of…
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We have designed and constructed several designs of 3-D microelectrode systems consisting of two layers of electrode structures separated by a 40 mum thick polymer spacer forming a flow channel. The electrode elements such as funnel, aligner, cage…
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The assimilation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic material is quantitatively the most important biosynthetic process. We discovered that an autotrophic member of the archaeal order Sulfolobales, Metallosphaera sedula, fixed CO2 with…
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The binding of fibronectin to fibronectin receptor was studied using a recombinant 31-kDa cell-binding domain fragment of fibronectin (C279), which consisted of three type III repeats (III8-III9-III10). Fibronectin receptor in several cell lysates…
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The bioactivity of many natural products produced by microorganisms can be attributed to their sugar substituents. These substituents are transferred as nucleotide-activated sugars to an aglycon by glycosyltransferases. Engineering these enzymes can…
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We have developed a bacterial two-hybrid system that readily allows selection from libraries larger than 108 in size. Our bacterial system may be used to study either proteinDNA or proteinprotein interactions, and it offers a number of potentially…
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We describe a bacterial two-hybrid system that allows an easy in vivo screening and selection of functional interactions between two proteins. This genetic test is based on the reconstitution, in an Escherichia coli cya strain, of a signal…
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A recently isolated species of the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacteria, provisionally called strain 970, was investigated with respect to its antenna function by means of various spectroscopic techniques, including fluorescence and pump-probe…
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Life is mostly composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Although these six elements make up nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and thus the bulk of living matter, it is theoretically possible that some…
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Can sweet-tasting substances trigger kind, favorable judgments about other people? What about substances that are disgusting and bitter? Various studies have linked physical disgust to moral disgust, but despite the rich and sometimes striking…
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Molecular interactions between wall polysaccharides, which include cellulose and a range of noncellulosic polysaccharides such as xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans, are fundamental to cell wall properties. These interactions have been assumed…
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A central mystery in the function of site-specific DNA-binding proteins is the detailed mechanism for rapid location and binding of target sites in DNA. Human oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOgg1), for example, must search out rare 8-oxoguanine…
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Many popular synthesis strategies look for appropriate 2'-O-protection methods to use in conjunction with 5'-O-trityl chemistry. In contrast, this unit describes the use of FMOC as a 5'-protecting group in conjunction with a ketal-type…
Papers in associated sub-disciplines
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