80. Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness and Surface Area Alterations Across ADHD, ASD, and OCD

Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders. No structural imaging study to date has compared these disorders. The ENIGMA consortium is ideally positioned to investigate structural brain abnormalities across these disorders on a large scale. Method(s): Structural T1-weighted MRI scans of controls (n=5.827) and individuals with ADHD (n=2.271), ASD (n=1.777), and OCD (n=2.323) from 151 samples worldwide were analyzed with FreeSurfer using standardized processing protocols. We examined subcortical volume, regional cortical thickness and surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling extracted measures from each site. Analyses were performed separately for pediatric, adolescent, and adult subgroups using linear mixed-effects models controlling for age, sex, and site (and ICV for subcortical and surface area measures). FDR was used for multiple testing correction. Result(s): Pediatric OCD patients had larger hippocampal volumes compared to ADHD patients. Pediatric and adolescent ADHD patients also showed smaller ICV than controls, OCD and ASD patients. No subcortical differences were observed across disorders in adulthood. On the cortical level, adult ASD patients showed thicker cortices in frontal areas compared to controls, OCD and ADHD patients, while no differences were observed in surface area between the disorders across the lifespan. Overall, subcortical and cortical effects were subtle (Cohen's d -0.22-0.30). Conclusion(s): These findings suggest that subcortical differences between ADHD ASD and OCD seem most distinct in childhood while differences seem to diminish in adolescence and adulthood. Cortical differences across the disorders seem to be most pronounced in adulthood. Supported By: NIH: BD2k (Big Data), U54 EB020403-02 (PI: Thompson) Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA), IPB-grant (PI's: Schmaal / van den Heuvel) Keywords: Structural Brain Imaging, OCD, ADHD, ASD, Neurodevelopmental DisordersCopyright © 2019