Alagille Syndrome: Genetics and Functional Models

Abstract

Purpose of Review: We review the genetics of the autosomal dominant, multi-system disorder Alagille syndrome, and provide a summary on how current functional models and emerging biotechnologies are equipped to guide scientists towards novel therapies. The importance of haploinsufficiency as a disease mechanism will be underscored throughout this discussion. Recent Findings: Alagille syndrome, a human disorder affecting the liver, heart, vasculature, kidney, and other systems, is caused by mutations in the Notch signaling pathway ligand, Jagged1 (JAG1) or the receptor, NOTCH2. Current advances in animal modeling, in vitro cell culture, and human-induced pluripotent stem cells provide new opportunities in which to study disease mechanisms and manifestations. Summary: We anticipate that the availability of innovative functional models will allow scientists to test new gene therapies or small molecule treatments in physiologically-relevant systems. With these advances, we look forward to the development of new methods to help Alagille syndrome patients.