Aortic blood flow characteristics of different extracorporeal circulation techniques during cardiac surgery – a computational fluid dynamics study
- ISBN: 9783642038822
Abstract
Extracorporeal circulation is a standard technique in cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, many different variations have been developed. Using computational fluid dynamics the impact of a particular perfusion technique can be simulated preoperatively. The aim of our study was to examine changes of the blood flow characteristics when perfusing the aorta with different techniques. At first we created a numerical model of a human aorta and its outlets. Then we performed simulations of antegrade pulsatile and non-pulsatile blood flow and simulated antegrade and retrograde perfusion via extracorporeal circulation canulas. At perfusion originating from canulas the flow became turbulent and its speed regionally increased up to 3,54 m/s. Otherwise perfusing retrogradely only marginal blood flow remained in the ascending aorta. Canula stream caused up to ten-fold higher local wall shear stress values, especially in the vessel roots next to the canulas and in the proximate aortic wall. Under these conditions mobilization of arteriosclerotic plaques has to be considered. Our study shows that antegrade and retrograde perfusion via canulas change important blood flow characteristics as flow speed, turbulent stream and wall shear stress.
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