Association between intravenous contrast media exposure and non-recovery from dialysis-requiring septic acute kidney injury: a nationwide observational study

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between the use of intravenous contrast and non-recovery from dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI-D) and in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database between January 2011 and December 2016. We identified patients with septic AKI who began continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT) within 2-days of admission and underwent computed tomography. We compared patients with AKI-D with and without the use of intravenous contrast for computed tomography and performed propensity score matching to adjust for confounders for the association between exposure to intravenous contrast and outcomes, including a composite outcome of in-hospital mortality and RRT dependence at discharge and RRT duration. Results: From 3782 and 6619 patients with septic AKI-D with and without intravenous contrast exposure, respectively, 3485 propensity score-matched pairs were generated. No significant differences were found in the outcomes between the propensity score-matched groups: a composite outcome of in-hospital mortality and RRT dependence, 49.6% vs. 50.2% (odds ratio (OR) 0.98; 95% CI (confidence interval) 0.88, 1.07); in-hospital mortality, 45.3% vs. 46.1% (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.87, 1.06); RRT dependence, 4.4% vs 4.1% (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.85, 1.31); and median (interquartile range) of RRT duration, 4 [2–11] days vs. 4 [2–11] days (P = 0.58). Conclusions: This large observational study did not support an association between intravenous contrast media and adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients with septic AKI-D. Further studies are warranted to assess the generalizability.