Association between Transverse Sinus Hypoplasia and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Hypoplasia of the transverse sinus (TS) is a common anatomical variation. However, the relationship between TS hypoplasia and venous thrombosis has not been studied. We analyzed the hypothesis that TS hypoplasia is a predisposing factor for ipsilateral thrombosis. Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 20 confirmed cases with isolated TS thrombosis and 43 age- and sex-matched controls. TS thrombosis and hypoplasia were diagnosed using both computed tomography and magnetic resonance venography. Hypoplasia was defined as a TS diameter less than 50% of the cross-sectional diameter of the lumen of the distal superior sagittal sinus and by a bony groove ratio less than 1.02. Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between TS hypoplasia and thrombosis. Results: There were a total of 45 hypoplastic TS: 31 (49%) left hypoplastic TS (12 (60%) cases vs 19 (44%) controls (P =.24), and 14 (22%) right hypoplastic TS (9 (45%) cases vs 5 (12%) controls (P =.003). TS hypoplasia was more frequently found in cases (n = 18, 90.0%) than in controls (n = 22, 51.2%; relative risk 1.7, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.3-2.4, P =.003). Hypoplastic TS and ipsilateral TS thrombosis showed a significant association (P =.002 for right and P =.008 for left TS hypoplasia) with relative risk of 3.8 (95% CI 1.3-10) for right and 7.5 (95% CI 1.1-48) for left hypoplasia. No significant association was found between hypoplastic TS and functional outcome at 30- or 90-day follow-up. Conclusion: TS hypoplasia might be a predisposing factor for ipsilateral TS thrombosis, but not for functional outcome.