Barium

Abstract

Barium, CAS#: 7440-39-3, has been known since antiquity but was identified as an element in 1774. Exposure is primarily from ingestion and inhalation. Barium is also detected in the air of most cities. The toxicity depends on the solubility of the compound. Accumulation occurs in the skeleton and pigmented parts of the eye. Barium was found to bioconcentrate in marine plants by a factor of 1000 times the level present in the water. Bioconcentration has been noted in other aquatic life as well. Ingestion of toxic doses of barium affects the muscles, especially the heart, where it has a digitalis-type effect. Ventricular fibrillation and slowed pulse rate are noted. This may be related to barium's tendency to displace potassium; the resulting potassium deficiency causes muscle weakness.