Table of contents by topic.
Abstract
Despite recent rapid increases in the occurrence of nonindigenous marine organisms in the marine environment, few studies have critically examined the invasion process for a marine species. Here we use manipulative experiments to examine processes of invasion for the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar at two sites on the east coast of Tasmania. Disturbance to reduce cover of the native algal canopy was found to be critical in the establishment of U. pinnatifida, while the presence of a stable native algal canopy inhibited invasion. In the first sporophyte growth season following disturbance of the canopy, U. pinnatifida recruited in high densities (up to 19 plants m(-2)) while remaining rare or absent in un-manipulated plots. The timing of disturbance was also important. U pinnatifida recruited in higher densities in plots where the native canopy was removed immediately prior to the sporophyte growth season (winter 2000), compared with plots where the canopy was removed 6 months earlier during the period of spore release (spring 1999). Removal of the native canopy also resulted in a significant increase in cover of sediment on the substratum. In the second year following canopy removal, U. pinnatifida abundance declined significantly, associated with a substantial recovery of native canopy-forming species. A feature of the recovery of the native algal canopy was a significant shift in species composition. Species dominant prior to canopy removal showed little if any signs of recovery. The recovery was instead dominated by canopy-forming species that were either rare or absent in the study areas prior to manipulation of the canopy. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Table of contents by topic.
Walter Lippmann
Public Opinion.....................................................................................................................................................1
Walter Lippmann.....................................................................................................................................1
PART I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER I. THE WORLD OUTSIDE AND THE PICTURES IN OUR HEADS.............................2
PART II. APPROACHES TO THE WORLD OUTSIDE.................................................................................13
CHAPTER II. CENSORSHIP AND PRIVACY...................................................................................13
CHAPTER III. CONTACT AND OPPORTUNITY.............................................................................16
CHAPTER IV. TIME AND ATTENTION...........................................................................................20
CHAPTER V. SPEED, WORDS, AND CLEARNESS.......................................................................23
PART III. STEREOTYPES................................................................................................................................28
CHAPTER VI. STEREOTYPES...........................................................................................................28
CHAPTER VII. STEREOTYPES AS DEFENSE.................................................................................34
CHAPTER VIII. BLIND SPOTS AND THEIR VALUE....................................................................37
CHAPTER IX. CODES AND THEIR ENEMIES................................................................................41
CHAPTER X. THE DETECTION OF STEREOTYPES.....................................................................46
PART IV. INTERESTS......................................................................................................................................55
CHAPTER XI. THE ENLISTING OF INTEREST..............................................................................55
CHAPTER XII. SELF-INTEREST RECONSIDERED......................................................................59
PART V. THE MAKING OF A COMMON WILL...........................................................................................66
CHAPTER XIII. THE TRANSFER OF INTEREST...........................................................................66
CHAPTER XIV. YES OR NO..............................................................................................................75
CHAPTER XV. LEADERS AND THE RANK AND FILE................................................................81
PART VI. THE IMAGE OF DEMOCRACY.....................................................................................................86
CHAPTER XVI. THE SELF-CENTERED MAN................................................................................86
CHAPTER XVII. THE SELF-CONTAINED COMMUNITY...........................................................89
CHAPTER XVIII. THE ROLE OF FORCE, PATRONAGE AND PRIVILEGE...............................94
CHAPTER XIX. THE OLD IMAGE IN A NEW FORM: GUILD SOCIALISM..............................99
CHAPTER XX. A NEW IMAGE.......................................................................................................105
PART VII. NEWSPAPERS..............................................................................................................................107
CHAPTER XXI. THE BUYING PUBLIC..........................................................................................107
CHAPTER XXII. THE CONSTANT READER.................................................................................110
CHAPTER XXIII. THE NATURE OF NEWS...................................................................................114
CHAPTER XXIV. NEWS, TRUTH, AND A CONCLUSION.........................................................120
PART VIII. ORGANIZED INTELLIGENCE.................................................................................................123
CHAPTER XXV. THE ENTERING WEDGE...................................................................................123
CHAPTER XXVI. INTELLIGENCE WORK....................................................................................126
CHAPTER XXVII. THE APPEAL TO THE PUBLIC......................................................................132
CHAPTER XXVIII. THE APPEAL TO REASON............................................................................137
Public Opinion
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