Abstract
A biomarker is a characteristic that can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of a physiological as well as a pathological process or pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention. Classical biomarkers are measurable alterations in blood pressure, blood lactate levels following exercise and blood glucose in diabetes mellitus. Any specific molecular alteration of a cell on DNA, RNA, metabolite or protein level can be referred to as a molecular biomarker. In the era of molecular biology, biomarkers usually mean molecular biomarkers and can be divided into three broad categories (Jain 2010):
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CITATION STYLE
Jain, K. K. (2013). Biomarkers of Neurological Disorders. In Applications of Biotechnology in Neurology (pp. 49–153). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-272-8_4
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