This chapter begins with a historical overview of scholarly work on emotion. It then presents the contemporary cognitive perspective that emotion is caused and mediated by cognition. Anatomical evidence is presented that falsifies this view. Research regarding the use of Localized Electrical Stimulations of Specific Neural Systems (LESSNS) and direct chemical injection into brain centers conclusively demonstrates that emotions arise directly from subcortical structures in animals and from homologous brain centers in humans. The connection between emotion and facial expressions is discussed. The discovery that emotions form a circular rather than linear scale led to the development of circumplex models and the emotion wheel and cone analogy to the color wheel and cone. Eight basic emotions are presented that can be combined in pairs to produce primary, secondary, and tertiary emotional dyads analogous to how colors can be combined. This provides a way to represent emotions in connectionist neural network models that may improve our understanding of how cognitions and emotions interact to produce behavior. The relationship between emotions and illness is considered.
CITATION STYLE
Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy. (2014). Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-00684-6
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