Crop coefficients specific to multiple phenological stages for evapotranspiration-based irrigation management of onion and spinach

Abstract

Weighing lysimeters are used to measure crop water use during the growing season. By relating the water use of a specific crop to a well-watered reference crop such as grass, crop coefficients (KC) can be developed to assist in predicting crop needs using meteorological data available from weather stations. This research was conducted to determine growth stage-specific K C and crop water use for onions (Allium cepa L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under south Texas conditions. Seven lysimeters, consisting of undisturbed 1.5 × 2.0 × 2.2-m deep soil monoliths, comprise the Texas AgriLife Research-Uvalde lysimeter facility. Six lysimeters, weighing ̃14 Mg, have been placed each in the middle of a 1-ha field beneath a linear low-energy precision application irrigation system. A seventh lysimeter was established to measure reference grass reference evapotranspiration. Daily water use for onion and spinach was measured at 5-min intervals. Crop water requirements, KC determination, and comparison with existing Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)KC values were determined over a 2- year period for each crop. The KC values determined over the growing seasons varied from 0.2 to 1.3 for onion and 0.2 to 1.5 for spinach with some of the values in agreement with those from FAO. It is assumed that the application of growth stage-specific KC will assist in irrigation management and provide precise water applications for a region of interest.