Cross-Coupling Reactions: Practical Palladium Catalysts for C-N and C-O Bond Formation

Abstract

The development of new palladium catalysts for the arylation of amines and alcohols with aryl halides and sulfonates is reviewed. Initial systems as well as mechanistic issues are discussed briefly, while subsequent generations of catalysts are described in greater detail. For these later generations of catalysts, substrate scope and limitations are also discussed. The review is organized by substrate class. Modifications and improvements in technical aspects of reaction development are described where appropriate. In addition, applications of this technology toward natural product synthesis, new synthetic methodology, and medicinal chemistry are chronicled. This review is organized in a manner that is designed to be useful to the synthetic organic chemist.