Defining the involvement of HOCl or Cl2 as enzyme-generated intermediates in chloroperoxidase-catalyzed reactions

Abstract

Peroxidatic substrates, catechol (CAT) and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) were used as probes of thechloride dependent reactions catalyzed by chloroperoxidase (CPO). TMP is consumed only in the presence of chloride. TMP is a competitive inhibitor versus CAT, but CAT is a noncompetitive inhibitor versus TMP in chloride-dependent CPO-catalyzed peroxidation reactions. The ratio of TMP versus CAT consumed by the chloride-dependent CPO reaction in direct competition studies increases as the chloride concentration is increased from 1.0 to 400 mM. Ratios of non-enzymatic HOCl reactions under conditions otherwise similar to those of the CPO reactions are relatively insensitive to changes in chloride concentration and are experimentally indistinguishable from the values attained by the enzyme system at high chloride concentrations. Comparison of enzymatic ratios with those of the HOCl reactions indicate that the proportion of the enzymatic reaction involving a freely dissociable, enzyme-generated, oxidized halogen species varies from 10% at low chloride concentrations to essentially 100% at high chloride concentrations. All data are consistent with a mechanism in which chloride competes with CAT for binding to both CPO compound I and the CPO chlorinating intermediate (EOCl). Chloride binding to CPO compound I leads to the formation of EOCl and initiates the CPO chloride-dependent pathway. When CAT binds to either compound I or EOCl, it is directly oxidized to product. When chloride binds to EOCl, it either induces release of HOCl or reacts with EOCl to produce Cl2, which is released from the enzyme. TMP and CAT compete for reaction with the free oxidized halogen species. This is the first direct evidence for kinetically significant involvement of a free oxidized halogen species as an intermediate in any CPO-catalyzed reaction.