difficult for women than for men . Women were less led through education to ques- tion existing doctrines . Childbirth still carried high risks ; moral , legal and economic restrictions upon their decision-making delivered them more to the circumstances o
Abstract
This article extends the earlier argument that the traditional interpretation of early french socialism has been anachronistic and misjudged. Socialist writings from activists of the period 1832-1841 (pierre leroux, Theodore dezamy, And jules lechevalier, And several workers' journals) are used to reinterpret common ideas of this movement which has been typically ridiculed as utopian and unsystematic. Themes treated include the idea of socialism as a practical and experimental 'social science'; communication to the masses by a 'rhetoric of proclamation'; and the peculiarly french view of 'historical necessity' and progress. However different from marxian or feuerbachian historical materialism, These ideas are far from being muddled or naive. Understood as they were by the early socialists, They remain eminently compelling and coherent.
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