Effects of maternal CG Pro12Ala PPAR PPAR(gamma)2 polymorphism on their infants neurodevelopmental scores at 18 months of age

Abstract

The aim was to determine the influence of mothers' Pro12Ala PPAR(gamma)2 gene polymorphisms on their offspring neurodevelopment at 18 months of life. From the 474 pregnant women recruited in the PREOBE study, 138 mother-infant pairs were included in the present analysis. Mothers and infants were genotyped for Pro12Ala PPAR(gamma)2 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA-USA). Neuropsychological assessment was performed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddlers Development, Third Edition (Bayley III). Pre-conceptional BMI, mother's age, diabetic condition, parity, smoking, alcohol drinking during pregnancy, placental weight, neonatal anthropometry, sex, Apgar 5' and type of feeding during early life were considered as a confounders. SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. 118 women (85.5%) had major CC genotype and 20 women (14.5%) showed the heterozygous genotype of CG. No homozygosis was found in the mothers' group. Babies born to mothers with CG Pro12Ala PPAR (gamma)2 polymorphism had higher birth weight (p=0.036). At 6 months of age, no differences in neurodevelopment were observed between babies born to CC or CG mothers. At 18 months, in the cognitive domain, both the composite and the scaled scores were significantly lower in the offspring of CG mothers (p=0.006). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CG mothers have 13% of risk to have babies with lower cognitive development at18 months (IC: 0.028-0.606). Scaled Receptive Communication, Scaled Fine Motor and Motor Composite scores resulted significantly lower (p=0.020, p=0.042, p=0.013, respectively) in those babies born to CG mothers at 18 months of age. The present study suggests that Mothers' PPAR(gamma) rs1801282 CG polymorphism plays a negative role on their offspring neurodevelopment scores at 18 months.