Estado actual de la colposacropexia laparoscópica (CSPL) en la corrección del prolapso de órganos pélvicos (POP)

Abstract

Objectives: Surgical restoration of pelvic floor anatomy in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) should avoid extensive areas that may injure healthy tissues and lead to scar fibrosis producing dysfunctional rigidity. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy corrects POP by lifting pelvic elements with a minimally invasive procedure. Various current strategies and approaches make it a diverse procedure. Methods: We performed a bibliographic review on the published experience about abdominal sacrocolpopexy over the last 20 years. We analyze the philosophy of each technique, advantages, disadvantages, and results. Results: Among current theories that explain how is the anatomy and function of the pelvic floor, the comprehensive theory of the pelvic floor announces that anatomical deviation produces pelvic dysfunction (diagnostic algorithm)( 1). Surgical invasion with reconstructive purposes may hide results if the true physiopathology of the defects found is not known. Although current diagnostic tools cannot solve the problem as a whole, results of different techniques are much better than those of previous times. Conclusions: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is an adequate strategy that restores anatomy in POP, mainly apical, and function with minimal invasion. Technical development and better knowledge of the female pelvis functional anatomy is enabling today a more precise understanding of its physiopathology, so it facilitates the design of site-specific operations. Various surgical approaches and techniques are offered depending on the defect, where combined procedures give good solutions. It is necessary to have an appropriate surgical training to obtain the better competence, and a safe and correct repair.