Evaluation and modeling of the size fractionated aerosol number concentration measurements near a major road in Helsinki

Abstract

This study presents an evaluation and modeling of the size fractionated aerosol number concentrations that were measured near a major road of Itavayla in Helsinki, during 23 August - 19 September 2003 and 14 January - 11 February 2004. The measurement system contained also electronic traffic counts, on-site meteorological measurements, and urban background concentration measurements. We have evaluated the temporal variations and the dependencies on local meteorological conditions of the measured aerosol number concentrations and size distributions. The ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentrations at the roadside site were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those at the urban background site during daytime, due to vehicular emissions from the road. We also determined the statistical correlations of the sequential time series of the particle number size distributions at the roadside site, and the traffic densities. The computed Pearson correlation coefficients for the downwind cases were substantially high for UFP's (0.6), and low for accumulation mode particles; the latter is due to the substantial contribution of long-range transported particles in that size range. We also utilized this dataset for evaluating the performance of a modeling system that consists of a roadside dispersion model CAR-FMI (Contaminants in the Air from a Road - Finnish Meteorological Institute), a meteorological pre-processing model MPP-FMI and an aerosol process model UHMA (University of Helsinki Model for Aerosol processes). Model simulations underpredicted the particle number concentrations at the measurement site, which was caused by uncertainties in the emission modeling, especially in the UFP size range.