We choose the European Nuthatch (Sitta europaea), an extremely socially monogamous passerine species, to investigate the breeding biology and frequency of extra-pair activities of females. Breeding individuals live in strong pair bonds for their total life and defend their territory all year round. As a consequence of these narrow social bonds, nuthatches have to date been considered extremely sexually monogamous. Our genetic study, however, reveals a minimum of 10% of extra-pair young in 188 chicks from 32 broods in populations of southwestern Germany. Independently of the habitat type (high via low quality), most of extra-pair sires are identified as neighbouring territory holders. © Dt. Ornithologen-Gesellschaft e.V. 2005.
CITATION STYLE
Segelbacher, G., Kabisch, D., Stauss, M., & Tomiuk, J. (2005). Extra-pair young despite strong pair bonds in the European Nuthatch (Sitta europaea). Journal of Ornithology, 146(2), 99–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-004-0062-5
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