We present the high-quality genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human male from Siberia. This individual derives from a population that lived before-or simultaneously with-the separation of the populations in western and eastern Eurasia and carries a similar amount of Neanderthal ancestry as present-day Eurasians. However, the genomic segments of Neanderthal ancestry are substantially longer than those observed in present-day individuals, indicating that Neanderthal gene flow into the ancestors of this individual occurred 7,000-13,000 years before he lived. We estimate an autosomal mutation rate of 0.4 × 10-9 to 0.6 × 10-9 per site per year, a Y chromosomal mutation rate of 0.7 × 10-9 to 0.9 × 10-9 per site per year based on the additional substitutions that have occurred in present-day non- Africans compared to this genome, and a mitochondrial mutation rate of 1.8 × 10-8 to 3.2 × 10-8 per site per year based on the age of the bone.
CITATION STYLE
Fu, Q., Li, H., Moorjani, P., Jay, F., Slepchenko, S. M., Bondarev, A. A., … Pääbo, S. (2014). Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia. Nature, 514(7253), 445–449. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13810
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