Agronomical and environmental benefits are associated with replacing winter fallow by cover crops (CC). Yet, the effect of this practice on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions remains poorly understood. In this context, a field experiment was carried out under Mediterranean conditions to evaluate the effect of replacing the traditional winter fallow (F) by vetch ( Vicia sativa L.; V) or barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.; B) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the intercrop and the maize ( Zea mays L.) cropping period. The maize was fertilized following Integrated Soil Fertility management (ISFM) criteria. Maize nitrogen (N) uptake, soil mineral N concentrations, soil temperature and moisture, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and GHG fluxes were measured during the experiment. The ISFM resulted in low cumulative N 2 O emissions (0.57 to 0.75 kg N 2 O-N ha −1), yield-scaled N 2 O emissions (3–6 g N 2 O-N kg aboveground N uptake −1) and N surplus (31 to 56 kg N ha −1) for all treatments. Although CCs increased N 2 O emissions during the intercrop period compared to F (1.6 and 2.6 times in B and V, respectively), the ISFM resulted in similar cumulative emissions for the CCs and F at the end of the maize cropping period. The higher C:N ratio of the B residue led to a greater proportion of N 2 O losses from the synthetic fertilizer in these plots, when compared to V. No significant differences were observed in CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes at the end of the experiment. This study shows that the use of both legume and non-legume CCs combined with ISFM could provide, in addition to the advantages reported in previous studies, an opportunity to maximize agronomic efficiency (lowering synthetic N requirements for the subsequent cash crop) without increasing cumulative or yield-scaled N 2 O losses.
CITATION STYLE
Guardia, G., Abalos, D., García-Marco, S., Quemada, M., Alonso-Ayuso, M., Cárdenas, L. M., … Vallejo, A. (2016). Integrated soil fertility management drives the effect of cover crops on GHG emissions in an irrigated field. Biogeosciences Discussions, (March), 1–36. Retrieved from http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/bg-2016-29/
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