For the LCLS-II X-ray instruments, laser power meters are being developed as compact X-ray power diagnostics to operate at soft and tender X-ray photon energies. These diagnostics can be installed at various locations along an X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) beamline in order to monitor the transmission of X-ray optics along the beam path. In addition, the power meters will be used to determine the absolute X-ray power at the endstations. Here, thermopile power meters, which measure average power, and have been chosen primarily for their compatibility with the high repetition rates at LCLS-II, are evaluated. A number of characteristics in the soft X-ray range are presented including linearity, calibrations conducted with a photodiode and a gas monitor detector as well as ultra-high-vacuum compatibility tests using residual gas analysis. The application of these power meters for LCLS-II and other X-ray FEL sources is discussed.Laser power meters are being developed as a compact X-ray power diagnostic for LCLS-II and are characterized for their responsivity, linearity and vacuum compatibility. The power meters are calibrated against X-ray photodiodes and a gas monitor detector.
CITATION STYLE
Heimann, P., Moeller, S., Carbajo, S., Song, S., Dakovski, G., Nordlund, D., & Fritz, D. (2018). Laser power meters as an X-ray power diagnostic for LCLS-II. In Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Vol. 25, pp. 72–76). International Union of Crystallography. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577517014096
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