Malrotation

Abstract

Malrotation and other intestinal rotation abnormalities (IRA) occur due to failure of normal embryologic developmental processes. During fetal development, the bowel undergoes herniation into the amniotic space, a 270-degree rotation, return to the abdominal cavity, and fixation into “normal” anatomic position. Variations can arise at several points during that process, causing an array of rotational anomalies. Malrotation results in a narrow mesenteric pedicle, putting the patient at risk for midgut volvulus, a surgical emergency that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not recognized and treated promptly.