No Silver Bullet Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering
- ISSN: 00189162
- DOI: 10.1109/MC.1987.1663532
Abstract
Although no breakthroughs in either technology or management appear about to provide an order-of-magnitude productivity improvement in software development, many encouraging innovations are ahead. Improvements must progress slowly, however, due to such inherent properties as: 1. complexity, 2. conformity, 3. changeability, and 4. invisibility. The most successful steps in software-technology development have been high-level languages, timesharing, and unified programming environments. Other advanced technical developments include: 1. Ada and other high-level language advances, 2. object-oriented programming, 3. artificial intelligence, 4. expert systems, 5. automatic programming, 6. graphical programming, 7. program verification, 8. environments and tools, and 9. workstations. Other approaches, such as buying off-the-shelf solutions, refining requirements, using a prototyping software system, developing software incrementally, and following good design practices, address the task of formulating conceptual structures.
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