Pasture: brush control on uplands and lowlands.

Abstract

The following results are reported: Two annual treatments with 2, 4, 5-T with or without 2, 4-D, at 0.5-1%, before flowering, caused complete desiccation of Rhododendron ferrugineum and Juniperus sp., the mixture being the more effective. Vaccinium sp. and Calluna vulgaris were controlled by 2, 4, 5-T 0.5-1%, Alnus viridis and Corylus avellana by 2, 4, 5-T ester or 2, 4, 5-T + 2, 4-D mixture 0.5-0.75%, applied before June. Berberis vulgaris was resistant to July applications of 2, 4, 5-T (ester) 0.5-1.25%, and Rosa canina, although defoliated, produced regrowth. Erica carnea was resistant to 2, 4, 5-T (375 g./hl. of water) applied before June. Salix sp. and Hippophae rhamnoides were killed by summer applications of 2, 4, 5-T butyl ester (500-750 g./hl.) and Ononis spinosa by 2, 4, 5-T (500-750 g./hl.) or 2, 4, 5-T + 2, 4-D (400-600 g./hl.) applied before flowering, autumn applications being much less effective. In trials on seedlings 1-3 in. high on firebreaks, Castanea sativa was completely desiccated 1 year after treatment with 2, 4, 5-T + 2, 4-D with or without amitrol, amitrol + 2, 4-D, or stump painting with 2, 4, 5-T in oil, or by applying NH4 sulphamate crystals to the stumps; Rubus fruticosus was sensitive to all products named that kill the above-ground parts, but sometimes sprouted in the following year; the best result, though slow, on Corylus avellana was obtained with amitrol + mecoprop. Amitrol + mecoprop killed 3-year-old Picea abies and also Pinus sylvestris if not more than1 m. high; Cytisus scoparius was susceptible to all products used in these firebreak trials. Pteridium aquilinum proved sensitive to monuron, borate + chlorate mixture, and datapon, monuron being the most effective; dalapon killed plants in a shady, but not in a sunny area; the addition of mecoprop or 2, 4-D to dalapon enhanced the effect. Robinia sp. was killed by late-summer treatment with 2, 4, 5-T ester with or without 2, 4-D (4.28 kg./ha.) in 150 hl. water, or by 0.96 kg./ha. in 100 litres of naphtha applied in late winter or to cut stumps; amitrol failed to kill Robinia sp. when applied at 7.5 kg./ha. in late summer or at 350 g./hl. to stumps or to uncut growth, or at 500 g./hl. in spring to shoots 5-10 cm. long, but the same doses were lethal if applied to runoff to leaves and branches when new shoots were 30-50 cm. long; summer treatment with amitrol (750) + mecoprop (350 g./hl.) also killed Robinia sp., but autumn treatment with amitrol (16.7) + dalapon (113 g./hl.) did not. Rubus caesius proved resistant to 2, 4, 5-T with or without 2, 4-D. R. ulmfolius was killed by 2, 4, 5-T (1920 g./hl.) emulsified in naphtha and applied to the above-ground part at the end of the winter. Euonymus sp. was resistant to 2, 4, 5-T in a water emulsion, but susceptible to 2, 4, 5-T (16) + 2, 4-D (4.28 kg./ha.) applied in autumn, and to 2, 4, 5-T (1920 g./hl. of naphtha or oil), and to two or more spaced applications of amitrol applied during active growth. Phytolacca sp. appeared susceptible to amitrol with or without mecoprop applied during active growth. The above-ground parts of Platanus sp. can be killed with 2, 4, 5-T in naphtha. Autumn treatment with 2, 4, 5-T (333 g./hl.) + 2, 4-D (44 g./hl.) was effective against Ulmus sp. especially with oil as the carrier. Juglans nigra was very sensitive to amitrol + TCA + 2, 4-D applied in autumn. Sambucus sp. was resistant to 2, 4, 5-T but susceptible to amitrol (750) - mecoprop (370 g./hl.) applied during active growth to the whole of the above-ground parts of the plant. KEYWORDS: Alnus viridis \ Berberis vulgaris \ Calluna vulgaris \ Castanea sativa \ chemical control \ Corylus avellana \ chemical control \ Erica carnea \ Euonymus \ grazing \ Hippophae rhamnoides \ Juglans nigra \ chemical control \ Juniperus \ Phytolacca \ Picea abies \ herbicides \ effects \ Pinus sylvest