Polypyrrole: A conducting polymer (synthesis, properties, and applications)

Abstract

Synthesis, properties and applications of polypyrrole (PPy), a representative of conducting polymers, are reviewed. Chemical and electrochemical methods for preparation of PPy and PPy films and effect of the conditions of synthesis on properties of the polymer produced are discussed. The mechanisms of electrochemical polymerisation of pyrrole are compared. The physicomechanical properties of the polymer, its morphology and structure are discussed. The mechanism of charge transfer in PPy is considered in the framework of the model of quasi-equilibrium concentrations of polarons and bipolarons. The methods for modification of electrochemical performance of PPy are reviewed, in particular, synthesis of PPy from pyrrole derivatives with proper electroactive groups and introduction in PPy of electroactive dopant anions; effect of these dopants on electrochemical performance of PPy films is also considered. Examples of PPy use are given. Perspectives of its application in various fields are reviewed.