Reactive uptake of ammonia to secondary organic aerosols: Kinetics of organonitrogen formation

Abstract

As a class of brown carbon, organonitrogen compounds originating from the heterogeneous uptake of NH3 by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have received significant attention recently. In the current work, particulate organonitrogen formation during the ozonolysis of α-pinene and the OH oxidation of m-xylene in the presence of ammonia (34-125 ppb) is studied in a smog chamber equipped with a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer and a Quantum Cascade Laser instrument. A large diversity of nitrogen containing organic (NOC) fragments was observed which were consistent with the reaction of ammonia with carbonyl containing SOA. The uptake coefficients of NH3 to SOA leading to organonitrogen compounds are reported for the first time and were in the range of ∼ 10-3-10-2, decreasing significantly to < 10-5 after 6 h of reaction. At the end of experiments (∼ 6 h) the NOC mass contributed 8.9 ± 1.7 and 31.5 ± 4.4 wt% to the total α-pinene and m-xylene derived SOA, and 4-15 wt% of the total nitrogen in the system. Uptake coefficients were also found to be positively correlated with particle acidity and negatively correlated with NH3 concentration, indicating that heterogeneous reactions were responsible for the observed NOC mass, possibly limited by liquid phase diffusion. Under these conditions, the data also indicate that the formation of NOC can compete kinetically with inorganic acid neutralization. The formation of NOC in this study suggests that a significant portion of the ambient particle associated N may be derived from NH3 heterogeneous reactions with SOA. NOC from such a mechanism may be an important and unaccounted for source of PM associated nitrogen, and a mechanism for medium or long-range transport and dry/wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen.