European Journal of Scientific Research
Volume 20, No 4 May 2008


Contents

Blast-Hole Cuttings: An Indicator of Drill Bit Wear in Quarries 721-736
Z.O. Opafunso and B. Adebayo

Assessment of Micro-Credit Supply by Country Women Association of
Nigeria (Cowan) to Rural Women in Ondo State, Nigeria 737-745
M.G. Olujide

Comparative Analysis of Pictorial Coverage of Events by Pakistan’s English Press 746-758
Muhammad Nawaz Mahsud, Muhammad Khalid and Firasat Jabeen

Design Space Exploration of Regular NoC Architectures: A Multi-Objective
Evolutionary Algorithm Approach 759-771
Rabindra Ku. Jena, Musbah M. Aqel, Gopal K. Sharma and Prabhat K. Mahanti

Etude Comparative des Méthodes D’évaluation de la Vulnérabilité à la
Pollution des Aquifères en Milieu Poreux: Application Aux Eaux Souterraines
du District D’abidjan (Sud de la Côte D’ivoire) 772-787
Kouamé Kan Jean, Jourda Jean Patrice, Adja Miessan Germain
Deh Serges Kouakou, Anani Abenan Tawa, Effini Adiow Thérèse and Biémi Jean

Development of an Interated Poultry/Fishery Husbandry for Optimal Agricultural Production 788-795
F.R. Falayi, A.S. Ogunlowo and M.O. Alatise

Robust Control of a Doubly Fed Asynchronous Machine of a Wind Turbine System 796-804
S. Gherbi, S. Yahmedi and M. Sedraoui

Effects of Enviromental Variables on Poultry Performance and Pond Water
Quality in an Integrated Poultry/Fishery Farming 805-816
F.R. Falayi, A.S. Ogunlowo and M.O. Alatise

Spatial Distribution and Characterisation of the Sediments of the Estuary of
Comoe River (Grand-Bassam, Côte D’ivoire) 817-827
Adopo Kouassi Laurent, Kouassi Kouakou Lazare, Wognin Ama Valérie Irma
Monde Sylvain, Meledje N’Diaye Hermann and Aka Kouamé

Blind SIMO GSM Channel Identification 828-835
Taba Mohamed Tahar, S. Femmame and D. Mossadeg

The Chemical Control of the Pests in the Truck Farming and the Quality
of Vegetables in African Urban Cities: The Health Hazards and Security of Consumers 836-843
Dembele Ardjouma, Oumarou Badini, Traore Sory Karim, Mamadou Koné
Coulibaly D. Ténébé and A. Abba Toure

Database Interfacing using Natural Language Processing 844-851
Imran Sarwar Bajwa, Shahzad Mumtaz and M. Shahid Naweed

Role of Trade, External Debt, Labor Force and Education in Economic Growth
Empirical Evidence from Pakistan by using ARDL Approach 852-862
Arshad Hasan and Safdar Butt

Development of Mechanical Prosthetic Hand System for BCI Application 863-870
N. A Abu Osman, S. Yahud and S. Y Goh

Toxicity of Arsenic in the Ground Water of Comarca-Lagunera (Mexico) 871-881
Faten Semadi, Vincent Valles and Jose Luis Gonzalez Barrios

Modeling and Temperature Controller Design for Yazd Solar Power Plant 882-890
Aref Shahmansoorian and Abdolvahed Saidi

A Predictive Current Control Technique on Fuel Cell Based Distributed
Generation in a Standalone AC Power Supply 891-904
K. G. Firouzjah, H. Eshaghtabar, A. Sheikholeslami and S. Lesan

Effects of Ethyl acetate Portion of Syzygium Aromaticum Flower Bud Extract on
Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration and Gastric Secretion 905-913
Okasha Mohammad Abdul- Halim, Magaji Rabiu Abdussalam
Abubakar Mujtaba Suleiman and Fatihu Muhammad Yakasai

Real Digital TV Accessed by Cellular Mobile System 914-923
Basil M. Kasasbeh, Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, Muzhir S. Al-Ani and Khalid Al-Sarayreh

A Rule-Based Fuzzy Automatic Voltage Regulator for Power System Stability 924-933
Samuel N. Ndubisi and Marcel .U. Agu

European Journal of Scientific Research
ISSN 1450-216X Vol.20 No.4 (2008), pp.914-923
© EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008
http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm


Real Digital TV Accessed by Cellular Mobile System


Basil M. Kasasbeh
Faculty of Information Technology, Applied Science University
Amman 11931, Jordan
E-mail: b_kasasbeh@asu.edu.jo

Rafa E. Al-Qutaish
Faculty of Information Technology, Applied Science University
Amman 11931, Jordan
E-mail: rafa@rafa-elayyan.net

Muzhir S. Al-Ani
Faculty of Information Technology, Amman Arab University
Amman 11953, Jordan
E-mail: muzhir@aau.edu.jo

Khalid Al-Sarayreh
Faculty of Information Technology, Applied Science University
Amman 11931, Jordan
E-mail: khalid_sar@yahoo.com


Abstract

Presently, there is a huge revolution through the use of internet and cellular mobile
units, that almost dominant the world by a huge investment in this field. This paper aims at
incorporating the digital live TV video to the cellular mobile system. The next generation
cellular mobile communication system can have the ability to access the video TV with
high resolution. This system is constructed by receiving and multiplexing satellite TV
channels to be standby and accessible.


Keywords: Wireless Communication, Cellular Networks, Mobile Communication, TV
Broadcast, Next Generation Mobile Systems, Multimedia Systems, Video
Transmission.

1. Introduction
Marconi’s invention in 1901 led to start new fields of telecommunications revolution such as radio,
TV, satellite, mobile, wireless networking and cellular technology. Nowadays, wireless
communications and networks play an important part of communications over the world and led a
wonderful growth of market [1].
Wireless and cellular revolution is apparent in the growth of the mobile phone market. In 1990
the mobile phone users were approximately 11 millions but this number is increasing rapidly to 1
billion in 2004. The future predicts billions and billions of users and so of investments. This huge

Real Digital TV Accessed by Cellular Mobile System 915

number of users over the world needs a simple, convenient, standard, compatible, flexible, and wide
variety of services [2].
Last few years the cost associated with mobile telephones have been decreasing. Mobile
telephone prices have dropped since 1996 and they are an economical way to provide phone service to
the population. New types of wireless devices are being introduced that have access to the internet to
achieve the services available on the internet. Modern mobiles units consist of elegant and comfortable
features that lead to new services.
Nowadays, there is a huge revolution through the use of internet and cellular mobile units, that
almost dominant the world by a huge investment in this field. This paper aims at incorporating the
digital live TV video to the cellular mobile system. The next generation cellular mobile communication
system can have the ability to access the video TV with high resolution. This system is constructed by
receiving and multiplexing satellite TV channels to be standby and accessible.
This paper presents an overview the digital TV broadcasting in Section 2 and an overview of
the digital satellite TV in Section 3. Section 4 discusses the digital video broadcasting. In section 5, the
third generation wireless system is discussed. Section 6 describes the next generation wireless system.
Section 7 presents the proposed RD-TV-CM system. Finally, a discussion in Section 8 concludes the
paper.


2. Digital TV Broadcast
Many attempts have been examined to introduce digital TV with higher resolution, but these affect the
huge number of existing old systems. One approach to design a common standard for digital
broadcasting TV goes in parallel with mobile communications systems applying video compression
[3].
In 1993 the aim of development a common digital TV system for Europe were named Digital
Video Broadcasting (DVB) and Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). The goal of DVB is to introduce
digital television broadcasting using satellite transmission and terrestrial transmission. Different levels
of quality are integrated in receiver decoder such as [4]:
• Standard Definition TV (SDTV)
• Enhanced Definition TV (EDTV).
• High Definition TV.
• Multimedia PC.
• High Resolution Systems (HRS).
Transmits data using flexible containers are basically using MPEG-2 frames. DVB sends
service information contained in its data stream which specifies the content of a container. The
following contents have been defined:
• Network Information Table (NIT) that lists the services of provider set-top boxes.
• Service Description Table (SDT), that lists names and parameters for each service within an
MPEG multiplexed channel.
• Event Information Table (EIT) that contains status information about the current
transmission and some additional information for set-top boxes.
• Time and Data Table (TDT), that contains update information for set-top boxes.
These different types of data are either contains a single channel for HDTV, multiple channels
for EDTV or SDTV, or multimedia data broadcasting [5].


3. Digital Satellite TV
The invention of Satellite led to a big revolution in communications that have been used in the
following fields: weather forecasting, Radio & TV broadcasting, military applications and navigation.

916 Basil M. Kasasbeh, Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, Muzhir S. Al-Ani and Khalid Al-Sarayreh

Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) describes a form of compression for digital moving
images of TV. This format also allows for audio datastreams synchronizing with the video. Analog
satellite TV uses around 27-36 MHz of bandwidth for its FM video and FM audio subcarriers for each
channel. So the operators put some separate channels, via a digital datastream into a similar bandwidth.
The actual compression ratio can be varied with the needs of suppliers of the video information
between Studio needs 12 Mbps, Broadcast needs 8 Mbps and VHS needs 2 Mbps [3].
The Digital data from several channels can be multiplexed into an MPEG Transport Stream
(MPEG-TS) along with various audio channels. A package with several channels modulated onto one
carrier. The lowest compression ratio will occupy the highest bandwidth but will be needed when the
video content requires much detail.


4. Digital Video Broadcast
Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) is another group that is important and interesting in satellite
transmission. DVB or any satellite system must have at least the following features that required for
Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) (i.e satellite box) [6]:

1. System Recommended Requirements
• MPEG-2 transport stream is used.
• Service information is based on MPEG-2 program specific information
• Scrambling is defined by CA (Conditional Access) technical group.
• CA uses the MPEG-2 CA-descriptor.

2. Video Recommended Requirements:
• MPEG-2 main profile at main level is used (1.5-15 Mbps).
• The frame rate is 25 Hz.
• Encoded pictures may have either 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ration.
• IRDs will support 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratio.
• IRDs must support the use of pan and scan vectors to allow 4:3 monitor to give a full screen
display of 16:9 coded picture.
• IRDs must support a full screen display of 720*576 pixels.
• IRDs must provide appropriate up conversion to produce a full screen display of 544*576
pixels and 480*576.

3. Audio Recommended Requirements
• MPEG-2 layer I and layer II must be supported by the IRD.
• The use of layer II is recommended for the encoded bitstream.
• IRDs must support single channel, dual channel joint stereo and extraction of at least a
stereo pair from MPEG-2 compatible multichannel audio.
• IRDs must support sampling rates of 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz.


5. Third Generation Wireless System
The objective of the third generation (3G) wireless communications is to provide fairly high speed
wireless communications to support multimedia, data, video in addition to voice. The ITU for the year
2000 was developed the IMT-2000 that defined the 3G capabilities as, voice quality, 144 kbps data rate
for high speed vehicles, 384 kbps data rate for slowly moving, 2.048 Mbps for office use, symmetrical
and asymmetrical data transmission rates, support for both packet switched and circuit switched data

Real Digital TV Accessed by Cellular Mobile System 917

services, adaptive interface to the internet, more efficient use, support for wide variety of mobile
equipment and flexibility to allow the introduction of new services and technologies.
Modern communication technology is the trend toward universal personal telecommunications
and universal communications access. One concept refers to the ability of a person to identify easily by
using any communication system in the country. The other concept refers to the capability of one's
terminal in a wide variety of environments to connect to information services. Personal
Communications Services (PCSs) and Personal Communications Networks (PCNs) are some concepts
of wireless communications and objectives of 3G wireless.
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) works to develop a Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) as Europe's 3G wireless standard. UMTS includes two
standards; one is Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) to provide high data rate with efficient use of
bandwidth. The other standard is known as IMT-TC (TD-CDMA) that is a combination of W-CDMA
and TDMA technology [7, 8].
The dominant technology for 3G system is CDMA. Different CDMA schemes share some
common such as bandwidth, chip rate and multirate. Bandwidth is an important design goal for 3G
system is to limit channel usage to 5 MHz. This value of bandwidth or more improves the receiver's
ability to resolve multipath when compared to narrow band. The chip rate depends on desired data rate
and bandwidth limitations. A chip rate of 3 Mcps or more is reasonable. Multirate refers to the
provision of multiple fixed data rate logical channels to a given user, in which different data rates are
provided on different logical channels.


6. Next Generation Wireless System
Multimedia broadcasting and DVB can be also used for high bandwidth asymmetrical internet access.
Different types of service provider can help to provide information to the customers as illustrated in
Figure 1. If the customer wants to download high-volume information, the information provider
transmits this information to the satellite provider via service provider.

Figure 1: Mobile internet services.


TV
broadcasting
Radio
broadcasting
Internet
provider
Next
Generation
Internet
Next
Generation
Mobile
TV Receiver
Radio Receiver


The satellite provider multiplexes a stream of data together with other digital TV channels and
transmits it to the customer via satellite and a satellite receiver. The customer can receive the
information with the help of a DVB adapter inside a multimedia PC. These information can be
encrypted to ensure that the information received by the indicated customer.
The 3G cellular system through the year 2006 is extended over a wide area of the world. The
trend of 4G or Next Generation (NG) of mobile cellular systems may be covering all the
communications and services over the world. The 4G offers the following views: next generation, new
air interface, new network, strict generation, wireless & wireline, technology trends, service providers,
wireless internet, higher bit rate, cost reduction, user services and white space.

918 Basil M. Kasasbeh, Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, Muzhir S. Al-Ani and Khalid Al-Sarayreh

The trends of NG mobile system may be deployed around the year 2010. The aim is to integrate
all type of services in a single frame. NG is not necessary defined by specific features but by
significant advance in system capability beyond what can be achieved with 3G. The NG data
transmission rate are planned to be up to 20 Mbps, which 10 times faster than the 3G. NG will allow
high quality smooth video transmission.
Multimedia network illustrated in Figure 2 to cover a huge number of different types of
services that are compatible and accessible to the next generation mobile system. The suggestion of a
new technologies supported to computers, communications and networking to standardized and merge
all forms of data including audio and video in a multimedia streams. The customer can access any
service via its IP address identification. This form can be standardized and any sub network can
connect via adapted interface to the high speed internet to form a big and huge collection of services
over the world that is the Multimedia Broadcast over a Cellular Network (MBCN). The Fast
Information Channel (FIC) is transmitted using a special modulation scheme that is a Multi Carrier
Modulation (MCM). The last stage before transmitter is the wide band Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) that is able to compact wide band of information [9].

Figure 2: Multimedia multiplexing system.


Channel
Coder n
Fast
Information
Channel (FIC)
Audio
Service
Audio
Encoder
Channel
Coder 1
Channel
Coder n
Data
Service
Packet
Encoder
Channel
Coder 1
Channel
Coder n
Video
Service
Video
Encoder
Channel
Coder 1







Main
Service
Channel

MSC
MUX
Trans-
mission
MUX OFDM
Transmitter
Transmitted
Signal



7. Proposed RD-TV-CM System
Nowadays, we are looking for a tremendous revolution in mobile system services and applications.
Different types of wireless data transmission that applied cellular technology have unsymmetrical
characteristics. In order to integrate these different multimedia systems over a standard network, it
must be capable to adapt these different types of data. Many important features must be standardized to
reach an integrated of all available system. Wide bandwidth, high bit rate and huge amount of capacity
are the most important features to recover all multimedia transmissions as well as some specifications
for cellular mobile to store and display the received data.
Introduction of mobile IP address offers a new technology of mobile access to all internet
services with some retraction of speed. The digital TV channels can be transmitted via satellite and
then received by the customer as requested information.
The consumers, looking for near future, through the introduction of new mobile technologies,
so by using these devices they can be able to access all the services over a separate air interface. The

Real Digital TV Accessed by Cellular Mobile System 919

proposed Real Digital TV accessed by Cellular Mobile (RD-TV-CM) may be constructed through
eight items; the next subsections describe these eight items.

7.1. Satellite Configuration
Many configurations can be provided between earth station and satellite antenna, and the suitable one
is being used to provide point to point link between base station transmitter and Base Station Mobile
Center Receiver (BS-MCR) through the satellite as shown in Figure 3.

Figure3: Broadcasting TV satellite.


Satellite 1
Multi
Receivers
Multi
Receivers Transmitter 1
Satellite 2
Multi
Receivers
Multi
Receivers
Transmitter 2


7.2. Channels Distribution
The construction of BS-MCR is built to receive several satellite sits from different areas over the
world. These multiple receivers are fixed on their specific areas and each sub receiver is concentrated
on a number of channels. This is built through a two set of nested multiplexers, one set for satellite and
the other for channels as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Multiplexing channel system.


.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
SATm_CHn







Channel
Multiplexing







Satellite
Multiplexing
SAT1
SATm
SAT1_CH1
SAT1_CHn
Selected
Channel


7.3. Image Compression
High digital TV image is at least 1024*1024 pixels. So retransmitted this form needed a huge capacity
as well as high speed. The aim is to introduce this image in new form to be adapted with the suggested

920 Basil M. Kasasbeh, Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, Muzhir S. Al-Ani and Khalid Al-Sarayreh

system. The best form of reduction that referred to new mobile technology is to reduce the size by a
factor of 4. This can be implemented by two level of compression to generate a new image size of
265*256 as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Image compression.

0
1
.
255
Level_2 compression
0
1
2
.
.

511
Level_1 compression
0
1
2
3
.
.
.
.
.
1023
0 1 2 3 . . . . . . . . . .1023
0 1 2 . . . . 511
0 1 . .255


7.4. Frame Format
The suggested frame format shown in Figure 6 consists of the following fields :
• Start Frame (SF), 2 bytes length.
• -*Identification Source Address (ISA), 2 bytes length.
• Identification Destination Address (IDA), 2 bytes length.
• Identification Function Frame (IFF), 2 bytes length, identifies the purpose of frame.
• User Data Frame (UDF), 64*3 kbytes length.
• End Frame (EF), 2 bytes length.

Figure 6: Frame format structure.


E
F
S
F
I
F
F
I
D
A
I
S
A
U
D
F
2 2 2 2 192 k 2 Bytes

7.5. Rate Specification
The frame length is 16 bytes of synchronization and identification and 64*3 bytes for data. The 64
kbytes comes from 256*256 pixels image size. So the total frame length is 1536128 bits. Acceptable
live TV must be transmitted at least 25 frame per second. The permitted bit rate in this case is
38.403200 Mbps.

Real Digital TV Accessed by Cellular Mobile System 921

7.6. Handover
The aim of handover in a Cellular system should not cause a cut-off and keep call in best quality,
during the mobility of mobile out of the BTS range or crossing the boundaries of the cell. When a
mobile phone access the satellite TV broadcasting, so it must be adapted to any movement of mobile
phone as well as the satellite movements. This is done by an Intelligent Supervisory System (ISS) to
compare between all the parameters as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Intelligent Handover.


Intelligent Supervisory System

Handover in Satellite System

Handover in Mobile System


7.7. Operation
The company mobile center installed a many receivers to receive a certain satellites. The next
generation mobile unit is built to load and excite TV software. The operation started firstly when a
mobile user requesting a specific satellite TV, that is confirmed by MSC company. Secondly the
mobile user requesting a specific channel, that is also confirmed by MSC. When all the lows are in
order, so the requested service has been in the hand of the mobile user as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Transmitting of data.

Ack. Sat.
Req. Ch.
Ack. Ch.
Satellite
Center
Mobile
Center
Mobile
User
Req. Sat.
Data Flow

922 Basil M. Kasasbeh, Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, Muzhir S. Al-Ani and Khalid Al-Sarayreh

7.8. System structure
The structure of the system can be divided into the following five subsystems:
1. Satellite Antenna (SA),
2. Satellite Receiver (SR),
3. Multiplexing System (MS),
4. Mobile Network (MN), and
5. Mobile Subscriber (MS).
The MS demand a specific satellite then a certain channel by the software executed over the
mobile phone. These informations transmitted to the MS through the MN. The MS pointed to the
indicated satellite and channel and insure a line from the requested channel to the subscriber.


8. Conclusion
Currently, there is a huge revolution through the use of internet and cellular mobile units, that almost
dominant the world by a huge investment in this field. This paper aims at incorporating the digital live
TV video to the cellular mobile system. The next generation cellular mobile communication system
can have the ability to access the video TV with high resolution. This system is constructed by
receiving and multiplexing satellite TV channels to be standby and accessible.
Huge amount of money invested in the market of Wireless telecommunications networks that
leads to new technologies to serve this field. The impaction of all multimedia data in a single channel
can be accessed from mobile unit is a strong and power technology which is an elegant face of the next
generation mobile system. The system is simple and depends on the multiplexing of different
multimedia services that can be accessed by the subscriber. This distribution is flexible and compatible
that permits the customer to access any services from its own mobile unites at any site over the world.
This system must be intelligent to avoid loaded capacity when a huge number of subscribers need to
access the same service. This system can be reach its maximum efficiency, when the next generation
well be reachable and accessible with their adaptable high speed of transmission, high verity of
services, high capacity of channels, high quality and performance of mobile units with high screen
resolution.


Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan.

Real Digital TV Accessed by Cellular Mobile System 923

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