Red meat consumption and stomach cancer risk: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose: The association of red meat consumption with the risk of stomach cancer has been reported by many studies, with inconclusive results. We performed a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies to provide a quantitative assessment of this association. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase before December 2013 without restrictions. A total of 18 studies involving 1,228,327 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Summary relative risks were estimated using random effects models. Results: The pooled relative risks of gastric cancer were 1.37 (95 % CI 1.18-1.59) for the highest versus lowest categories of red meat intake with significant heterogeneity among studies (P heterogeneity < 0.001, I 2 = 67.6 %). When stratified by the study design, the significant associations were observed in population-based case-control studies (RR 1.58; 95 % CI 1.22-2.06; P heterogeneity < 0.001, I 2 = 73.0 %) and hospital-based case-control studies (RR 1.63; 95 % CI 1.38-1.92; P heterogeneity = 0.284, I 2 = 19.1 %). However, no association was observed among cohort studies (RR 1.00; 95 % CI 0.83-1.20; P heterogeneity = 0.158, I 2 = 33.9 %). The significant association was also presented in the subgroup analysis by geographic area (Asia, Europe), publication year (≥2000), sample size (<1,000, ≥1,000) and quality score (<7 stars, ≥7 stars). The dose-response analysis associated every 100 g/day increment in red meat intake with a 17 % increased gastric cancer risk (RR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.05-1.32). A linear regression model further revealed that the risk of gastric cancer increased with increasing level of red meat consumption. Conclusions: Increased intake of red meat might be a risk factor for stomach cancer. Further larger prospective studies are warranted to verify this association. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.